Raphael Patai

Raphael Patai, born Ervin György Patai, was a Hungarian-Jewish ethnographer, historian, Orientalist, and anthropologist. Patai was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary in 1910 to Edith Patai, née Ehrenfeld, and József Patai. Patai's mother was born in Nagyvárad to German-speaking Jewish parents who expressed their commitment to Magyar nationalism by sending their daughter to Hungarian-language schools. Both parents spoke Hungarian and German fluently and educated their children to be perfectly fluent in both Hungarian and German. 

His father was a prominent literary figure and author of numerous Zionist and other writings, including a biography of Theodor Herzl. József was the founder and editor of the Jewish political and cultural journal Mult és jövő (Past and Future) from 1911 to 1944, a journal that was revived in 1988 by János Köbányai in Budapest. József Patai also wrote an early History of Hungarian Jews and founded a Zionist organization in Hungary that procured support for the settlement of Jews in the British Mandate of Palestine.

Raphael Patai studied at rabbinical seminaries in and at the University of Budapest and the University of Breslau, from which he received a doctorate in Semitic languages and Oriental history. He moved to Palestine in 1933, where his parents joined him in 1939 after he received the first doctorate awarded by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1936. He returned briefly to Budapest, where he completed his ordination at the Budapest Rabbinical Seminary.

During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Patai taught at the Hebrew University and served as the secretary of the Haifa Technion. He founded the Palestine Institute of Folklore and Ethnology in 1944, serving as its director of research for four years. He also served as scientific director of a Jewish folklore studies program for the Beit Ha'Am public cultural program in Jerusalem.

In 1947 Patai went to New York with a fellowship from the Viking Fund for Anthropological Research (later renamed the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research); he also studied the Jews of Mexico. Patai settled in the United States, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1952. He held visiting professorships at a number of the country's most prestigious colleges, including Columbia, the University of Pennsylvania, New York University, Princeton, and Ohio State. He held full professorships in anthropology at Dropsie College from 1948 to 1957 and at Fairleigh Dickinson University. 

In 1952 he was asked by the United Nations to direct a research project on Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan for the Human Relations Area Files. Patai's work was wide-ranging but focused primarily on the cultural development of the ancient Hebrews and Israelites, on Jewish history and culture, and on the anthropology of the Middle East generally. He was the author of hundreds of scholarly articles and several dozen books, including three autobiographical volumes. In 1985 he was a contributor to an exhibit at the Museum of New Mexico.

In 1936, Patai was the co-recipient (jointly with Moshe Zvi Segal) of the Bialik Prize for Jewish thought. In 1976, Patai was awarded the National Jewish Book Award in the Jewish History category for The Myth of the Jewish Race. Patai married Naomi Tolkowsky, whose family had moved to what was then Palestine in the early twentieth century; they had two daughters, Jennifer (born 1942) and Daphne (born 1943). He died in 1996 in Tucson, Arizona, at the age of 85. Longtime Hebrew University of Jerusalem organic chemistry professor Saul Patai (1918-1998) was his brother.