Adam Grant is an American psychologist and author widely known for his work on the science of giving, creativity, and organizational psychology. He is the top-rated professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and a former professor at the University of Michigan. His first book, Give and Take: A Revolutionary Approach to Success, was a New York Times bestseller.
Grant is a leading authority on the science of giving, creativity, and organizational psychology. He has written or co-written six books, including Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World and Option B: Facing Adversity, Building Resilience, and Finding Joy. He has also written for The New York Times, The Atlantic Monthly, Harvard Business Review, and other publications.
Grant's research focuses on how giving, taking, and exchanging advice affects an individual’s success. He has studied how to maximize the benefits of giving, how to encourage more successful collaborations, and how to foster an environment of innovation and creativity. He has also explored how to assess and develop leadership potential within organizations and how to build workplace cultures where employees are empowered to do their best work.
Grant has received numerous awards and honors, including being named one of the world's 40 most influential management thinkers by Thinkers50 in 2015, one of the world's 50 most influential management thinkers by Thinkers50 in 2018, and one of the world's most influential management gurus by The Observer in 2018. He is a recipient of the Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Mentoring and was named the Most Influential Thinker of the Decade by Poets &amp; Quants in 2020.
In addition to his academic and writing career, Grant is a frequent speaker for organizations, universities, and conferences around the world. He has presented to audiences of thousands at TEDx events, and he has been featured on television and radio programs such as The Oprah Winfrey Show, 60 Minutes, and NPR’s Fresh Air. He has also served as a visiting professor at Stanford, Cornell, and INSEAD, and he is currently a visiting professor at the London School of Economics.

Adam

Jon Elster (/ˈɛlstər/; born 22 February 1940, Oslo) is a Norwegian philosopher and political theorist who holds the Robert K. Merton professorship of Social Science at Columbia University. He received his Ph.D. in social science from the École Normale Superieure in 1972. He has previously taught at the University of Paris, the University of Oslo, and the University of Chicago, where he became a professor of political science in 1984. Since 1995, he has held the Robert K. Merton professorship of Social Science at Columbia University, as well as being a professor of social science at the Collège de France since 2005.
Elster has authored works in the philosophy of social science and rational choice theory. He is also a notable proponent of analytical Marxism and a critic of neoclassical economics and public choice theory, largely on behavioral and psychological grounds. In 2016, he was awarded the 22nd Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science for his contributions to political science.
Elster is the son of journalist/author and CEO of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation Torolf Elster and poet Magli Elster. He earned his Ph.D. in 1972 from the École Normale Superieure in Paris with a dissertation on Karl Marx under the direction of Raymond Aron. Elster was a member of the September Group for many years but left in the early 1990s. Elster previously taught at the University of Oslo in the department of history and held an endowed chair at the University of Chicago, teaching in the departments of philosophy and political science.&nbsp;
He is now Robert K. Merton Professor of Social Sciences with appointments in Political Science and Philosophy at Columbia University and professeur honoraire at the Collège de France. He was awarded the Jean Nicod Prize in 1997 and the Skytte Prize in Political Science in 2016. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the American Philosophical Society, the Academia Europaea, and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.
Elster is a doctor honoris causa at the universities of Valencia, Stockholm, Oslo, Trondheim (NTNU), Louvain-la-Neuve, Torcuato di Tella, and the National University of Colombia. He is an honorary professor at the University of Chongqing.&nbsp;

Ryan Holiday is an American author, marketer, media strategist, and entrepreneur. He is the author of several bestselling books, including his most recent, Perennial Seller, as well as popular titles such as The Obstacle Is the Way, Ego Is the Enemy, Conspiracy, and Growth Hacker Marketing. Holiday has written for the New York Times, Forbes, the Wall Street Journal, and other publications. He has also been featured in Time, The New Yorker, and The Washington Post.
Holiday is the founder of Brass Check, a creative consulting agency that specializes in marketing, media strategy, and creative consulting. He has worked with some of the world’s most successful authors, entrepreneurs, and public figures, including Tony Robbins, Tim Ferriss, Robert Greene, and Tucker Max. His clients also include media companies such as VICE, MTV, and Complex. He has also served as a consultant to brands such as American Apparel, Google, and Gillette.
As an author, Holiday has written nine books, three of which have become New York Times bestsellers. His books focus on topics such as personal and professional development, marketing, and media strategy. His most recent book, Perennial Seller, is a guide to creating and sustaining success in business, publishing, and life.
As a media strategist and consultant, Holiday has helped launch and reinvigorate several brands and campaigns. His work spans from creating marketing campaigns for startups and Fortune 500 companies to working as a creative consultant for media companies and major brands.
Holiday's work has been featured in major publications, including the New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Fast Company, and The Washington Post. He has also appeared on television shows such as the Colbert Report, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, The Today Show, and podcasts such as the Tim Ferriss Show and the Joe Rogan Experience.&nbsp;
In addition to his work as an author, media strategist, and consultant, Holiday is a frequent public speaker. He has been a keynote speaker at events such as SXSW, the World Business Forum, and the Inc. 5000 Conference. He also teaches marketing and media strategy classes at the University of California, Berkeley.
Holiday is passionate about helping others achieve their goals and dreams. He has created several online courses and resources to help entrepreneurs, creatives, and marketers better understand the media landscape, marketing, and creative strategies. He also serves as the Managing Director of the media startup, Contently and is an adviser to several startups and companies. He is also a mentor to many aspiring entrepreneurs and creators.

Ryan

Johnson was born in Portland, Oregon. He studied at the University of Oregon and Stanford University. In 1945, he went to Ojai, California, as a student of Jiddu Krishnamurti, an Indian spiritual teacher. In 1947 he began his own therapy with Fritz Künkel. He later studied at the C. G. Jung Institute in Zürich, Switzerland, where Emma Jung, the wife of C. G. Jung, was his principal analyst. He completed his analytical training with Künkel and Tony Sussman. He established an analytical practice in Los Angeles in the early 1950s with Helen Luke. In the early 1960s, he closed his practice and became a member of St. Gregory's Abbey, Three Rivers, in Michigan, a Benedictine monastery of the Episcopal Church.
After four years in the monastery, Johnson returned to California in 1967. He resumed his career as a psychotherapist and lectured at St. Paul’s Cathedral in San Diego, working closely with John A. Sanford, an Episcopal priest, Jungian analyst, and author. In 1974, a collection of his lectures was published as He: Understanding Masculine Psychology. The book became a bestseller after Harper &amp; Row acquired the rights. He was the first of many books giving a Jungian interpretation, in accessible language, of earlier myths and stories and their parallels with psychology and personal development.
Johnson also studied at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram in Pondicherry, India. In 2002 he received an honorary doctorate in humanities and a lifetime achievement award from Pacifica Graduate Institute.

Robert

Henri Frédéric Ellenberger (Nalolo, Barotseland, Rhodesia, 6 November 1905 – Quebec, 1 May 1993) was a Canadian psychiatrist, medical historian, and criminologist sometimes considered the founding historiographer of psychiatry. Ellenberger is chiefly remembered for The Discovery of the Unconscious, an encyclopedic study of the history of dynamic psychiatry published in 1970.&nbsp;
Henri F. Ellenberger was born in British Rhodesia to Swiss parents and spent his childhood in the British colony of Rhodesia. He was later naturalized as a French citizen and took his baccalaureate degree in Strasbourg, France, in 1924. He studied medicine and psychiatry in Paris. A student of Professor Henri Baruk, he obtained his doctorate in 1934 while working at the famous Hôpital Sainte-Anne alongside such well-known contemporaries as Jacques Lacan (whose flair for self-publicity he early noted).
Subsequent to the emergence of the Vichy government, Ellenberger emigrated to Switzerland in 1941. There he went through a training analysis with Oskar Pfister between 1949 and 1952 before becoming a member of the Swiss Psychoanalytic Society (SSP).
In 1953, in a major career change, Ellenberger became the lecturer at the Menninger Clinic in Topeka (Kansas). At the end of 1958, Ellenberger left Topeka. He obtained a research appointment in the Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry at McGill University in Montreal. Later (1962), he went on to become a Professor of Criminology at the Université de Montréal in Canada. There he was to do pioneering work on victimology, exploring the psychodynamics between offender and victim.
Ellenberger is chiefly remembered for The Discovery of the Unconscious, an encyclopedic study of the history of dynamic psychiatry published in 1970. This work traced the origins of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy back to its 18th-century prehistory in the attempts to heal disease through exorcism, as practiced by the Catholic priest Johann Joseph Gassner, and from him through the researchers of hypnotism, Franz Mesmer and the Marquis de Puységur, to the 19th-century neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot and the main figures of 20th-century psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Gustav Jung.
Robin Skynner praised the clarity of its presentation of the ideas of the great twentieth-century figures in their socio-historical contexts. Ellenberger's account of Pierre Janet has also been singled out for special mention, while Anthony Stevens has made use of his concept of "creative illness" in his account of Jung. Gay also singled out for mention of Ellenberger's 1972 article on Anna O, which Gay considered "persuasively corrects Jones's misreading and Freud's misremembering of the case". It was, however, only one of the thirty-five or so historical articles Ellenberger published both before and after his great synopsis.
The Resource Center Henri Ellenberger in Paris was named in his honor. During his lifetime, he received many awards, including the Gold Medal of the Beccaria Prize in 1970 and the Jason A. Hannah Medal of the Royal Society of Canada. Ellenberger has been characterized as one of the mid-century, interdisciplinary independents in psychiatric thought.&nbsp;
His unique career path and independent, if moderate, Freudian revisionism made him, at times, an isolated figure, especially with the biological turn in psychiatry at the close of the twentieth century. His own belief in the central importance of the reality of the unconscious never faltered, however, even with the fading of his dream of a synthesis that "would do justice to the rigorous demands of experimental psychology and to the psychic realities experienced by the explorers of the unconscious."
From 1956 to 1959, Ellenberger started teaching the history of psychiatry at the Menninger Foundation (where George Devereux already gave a lecture on psychoanalysis and anthropology). The experience of exile played a key role in explaining Ellenberger's interest in history. Ellenberger has been criticized for modeling his picture of the origins of psychiatry in the Enlightenment clash with Demonology — in the triumph of illuminated reason over the blindness of faith.

Henri

Paul Graham is an entrepreneur, programmer, and essayist. He is the co-founder of Y Combinator, a startup accelerator that has funded over 2,000 companies including Dropbox, Airbnb, and Reddit. His career has been focused on technology and startups. He began his career as a programmer and software developer, working on various projects and startups. In 1995, he co-founded Viaweb, one of the first web-based companies that allowed users to create their own online stores. The company was later sold to Yahoo in 1998 for $49 million.
After the sale of Viaweb, Graham turned his attention to startup investing and mentoring. In 2005, he co-founded Y Combinator, a startup accelerator that provides funding, resources, and mentorship to early-stage startups. Y Combinator has since funded over 2,000 companies, many of which have gone on to become successful and valuable companies, such as Dropbox, Airbnb, and Reddit.
Paul Graham has several notable achievements in his career, including:
<ul>
<li>Co-founding Viaweb: Viaweb was one of the first web-based companies that allowed users to create their own online stores. The company was later sold to Yahoo in 1998 for $49 million.</li>
<li>Fellowship at Harvard's Society of Fellows: Graham is a Fellow at Harvard's Society of Fellows, a prestigious group of scholars who receive funding and support to pursue their research.</li>
<li>Helping launch successful startups: Graham has helped launch many successful startups through Y Combinator and has mentored many entrepreneurs. Some of the successful companies that came out of Y Combinator include Dropbox, Airbnb, and Reddit.</li>
</ul>
In addition to his work with Y Combinator, Graham is also known for his essays on technology and startups. He has written extensively on the startup ecosystem, the role of technology in society, and the future of the internet. His essays have been collected in two books, "Hackers &amp; Painters" and "Ansi Common Lisp." He continues to share his thoughts and insights on his website, paulgraham.com.

Paul

Bruno Snell (18 June 1896 – 31 October 1986) was a German classical philologist. From 1931 to 1959, he held a chair for classical philology at the University of Hamburg, where he established the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae research center in 1944.
After studying law and economics at the University of Edinburgh and the University of Oxford, Snell gained an interest in classical studies and finally changed his major to classical philology. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Göttingen in 1922.
Snell served as the inaugural president of the Mommsen Society from 1950 to 1954. In 1953, Europa-Kolleg Hamburg, an institution promoting research and postgraduate education in the field of European integration, was founded on Snell's initiative. Since 1989, the Mommsen Society has awarded the Bruno Snell Prize to young classical scholars.
His book, The Discovery of the Mind: The Greek Origins of European Thought (Die Entdeckung des Geistes, Hamburg, 1946, trans. T.G. Rosenmeyer, 1953) argues that the development of Greek literature from Homer to Aristophanes and Plato shows a gradual self-discovery of inner mental life. It argues that the Greek culture developed a unique and individual inner world of thought for humans, before which was not available. This is similar to later psychological theories of the development and evolution of human consciousness.

Bruno

Jonathan Westphal (born 1951) is an academic philosopher working on the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, science, logic, and philosophy of language and aesthetics. More recently, he has become interested in issues in the philosophy of time and the understanding of human freedom. In the history of philosophy, he has worked mainly on Wittgenstein and Leibniz. He lives in Hamden, Connecticut, and works as a private tutor in philosophy.
Westphal received his BA from Harvard College in 1973, an MA from the University of Sussex in 1975, and a Ph.D. from the University of London in 1981, where he studied with David Wiggins. He has taught at the University of Hawaii, the University of London, Idaho State University, Amherst College, Hampshire College, and other colleges and universities in the UK and the US. He has been an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, at the University of Munich; he is a Fellow of Berkeley College (Yale University) and a Permanent Member of the Senior Common Room at the University College, Oxford.
Jonathan Westphal is the youngest son of Ernst Oswald Johannes Westphal. Jonathan's great-grandfather and his great-grandmother, Gotthilf Ernst Westphal and his wife Wilhelmine, were teachers and mentors to the teenage Sol Plaatje, a student at their Mission Station in Pniel. Plaatje was a founder and the first General Secretary of the ANC. Jonathan Westphal is married to Stephanie Rosett, and they have four children.

Jonathan

Jocko Willink is an American retired Navy Seal officer, author, podcaster, and public speaker. He is best known for his involvement in the Battle of Ramadi, his success in the Navy SEALs, and his leadership philosophy, which is based on discipline, hard work, and respect for others.
Willink was born in Easton, Pennsylvania, on September 8, 1971. He joined the Navy in 1990 and, after graduating from Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) training, was assigned to SEAL Team 3. During his service in the Navy, Willink completed multiple deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan and was eventually assigned to Task Unit Bruiser, the most decorated special operations unit of the Iraq War. During the Battle of Ramadi, Willink and his team helped to clear the city of insurgent forces, and their exemplary performance earned them the Navy Cross.
Willink retired from the Navy in 2010 and soon after began to share his leadership philosophy. He has authored several books, including Extreme Ownership, Leadership Strategy and Tactics, and Way of the Warrior Kid, as well as co-hosting the popular podcast Jocko Podcast.
Willink is also a respected public speaker, giving talks all over the world on topics such as leadership, discipline, and team building. He is a sought-after keynote speaker for both corporate and military events.
Willink is an advocate for physical and mental fitness, often speaking about the importance of proper nutrition and exercise. He also encourages people to push themselves and strive to become the best versions of themselves.
Willink is a highly respected figure in the military and business worlds, and his words have been an inspiration to many. His leadership philosophy is one that emphasizes discipline, hard work, and respect for others, and these values are ones that have served him well throughout his career.

Jocko

James Clear is a writer, entrepreneur, and thought leader in the field of habit formation. He is the author of the international bestseller Atomic Habits, which has sold over 2 million copies and has been translated into over 30 languages.
Clear is a frequent contributor to high-profile publications such as The New York Times, Time Magazine, and Entrepreneur Magazine. He is also a popular speaker and has given talks at TEDx, Google, and the United Nations.
Clear's work focuses on the science and psychology of habit formation and how it can be used to build positive behaviors. He has a special emphasis on "small wins" and how they can add up to major changes in our lives. He emphasizes that small changes can lead to big results and that we should focus on creating the right habits.
Clear's research is based on a combination of scientific studies, interviews with leading experts, and personal experience. He has a degree in finance and entrepreneurship from the University of Michigan and a master's degree in psychology from the University of California, Santa Barbara. He has been featured in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Guardian. He was also named one of the world’s top 100 most influential people in health and fitness by Greatist.
In addition to writing, Clear is an advocate for the power of habits and is the founder of the Habits Academy. This website provides free resources for people interested in forming better habits. He also runs an online course and a membership program for those looking to take their habit-building to the next level.
Clear's work has been praised by people from a wide range of backgrounds and industries, from CEOs to athletes to celebrities. He is also a two-time recipient of the James Beard Foundation Award.

James

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies explained as originating in conflicts in the psyche through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg in the Austrian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna.
Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. Following the German annexation of Austria in 1938, Freud left Austria to escape Nazi persecution. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939. In founding psychoanalysis, Freud developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association and discovered transference, establishing its central role in the analytic process.&nbsp;
Freud's redefinition of sexuality to include its infantile forms led him to formulate the Oedipus complex as the central tenet of psychoanalytical theory. His analysis of dreams as wish fulfillments provided him with models for the clinical analysis of symptom formation and the underlying mechanisms of repression. On this basis, Freud elaborated his theory of the unconscious and went on to develop a model of psychic structure comprising id, ego, and super-ego.&nbsp;
Freud postulated the existence of libido, the sexualized energy with which mental processes and structures are invested and which generates erotic attachments, and a death drive, the source of compulsive repetition, hate, aggression, and neurotic guilt. In his later works, Freud developed a wide-ranging interpretation and critique of religion and culture. Though in overall decline as a diagnostic and clinical practice, psychoanalysis remains influential within psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy and across the humanities.&nbsp;
It thus continues to generate extensive and highly contested debate concerning its therapeutic efficacy, its scientific status, and whether it advances or hinders the feminist cause. Nonetheless, Freud's work has suffused contemporary Western thought and popular culture. W. H. Auden's 1940 poetic tribute to Freud describes him as having created "a whole climate of opinion / under whom we conduct our different lives."

Sigmund

David Sinclair is a world-renowned scientist and professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School. He is an authority in the field of aging, and his research focuses on understanding why we age and how to slow it down. He is the co-founder and co-chief editor of the journal Aging Cell, as well as a co-founder and co-director of the Sinclair Lab at Harvard Medical School.&nbsp;
Dr. Sinclair has made groundbreaking discoveries in the field of aging and longevity. He discovered a gene that controls the aging process and is currently researching ways to use this gene to extend the life and slow down the effects of aging. He has also identified a compound that could potentially reverse aging in mice and has been researching ways to develop a drug that could do the same for humans. His research has been featured in numerous publications, including the New York Times and The Atlantic.&nbsp;
In addition to his research, Dr. Sinclair is an advocate of healthy aging. He is the author of two books, Lifespan: Why We Age—and Why We Don't Have To and The Genetics of Health: Understand Your DNA to Transform Your Life, which provides insights into the science of aging and how to live a longer, healthier life. He is also the co-founder of the Institute for Aging Research and Education, which is dedicated to advancing the science of aging and promoting healthy aging.
Dr. Sinclair is a highly respected scientist and professor, and his work has been recognized with numerous awards and honors. He was named one of the world’s most influential people by Time Magazine in 2019 and is a recipient of the prestigious Albert Einstein Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Life Sciences. He has also been honored with the Breakthrough Prize in Aging Research and the American Society for Cell Biology’s worldwide recognition award for his research on aging.

David

Jean William Fritz Piaget was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development. Piaget's theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology." Piaget placed great importance on the education of children. As the Director of the International Bureau of Education, he declared in 1934 that "only education is capable of saving our societies from possible collapse, whether violent or gradual."&nbsp;
His theory of child development is studied in pre-service education programs. Educators continue to incorporate constructivist-based strategies. Piaget created the International Center for Genetic Epistemology in Geneva in 1955 while on the faculty of the University of Geneva and directed the center until his death in 1980. The number of collaborations that its founding made possible, and their impact, ultimately led to the Center being referred to in the scholarly literature as "Piaget's factory."
According to Ernst von Glasersfeld, Piaget was "the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing." However, his ideas did not become widely popularized until the 1960s. This then led to the emergence of the study of development as a major sub-discipline in psychology. By the end of the 20th century, Piaget was second only to B. F. Skinner as the most-cited psychologist of that era. Piaget was born in 1896 in Neuchâtel, in the Francophone region of Switzerland.&nbsp;
He was the oldest son of Arthur Piaget (Swiss), a professor of medieval literature at the University of Neuchâtel, and Rebecca Jackson (French). Rebecca Jackson came from a prominent family of French steel foundry owners of English descent through her Lancashire-born great-grandfather, steelmaker James Jackson. Piaget was a precocious child who developed an interest in biology and the natural world. His early interest in zoology earned him a reputation among those in the field after he had published several articles on mollusks by the age of 15.
When he was 15, his former nanny wrote to his parents to apologize for having once lied to them about fighting off a would-be kidnapper from baby Jean's pram. There never was a kidnapper. Piaget became fascinated that he had somehow formed a memory of this kidnapping incident, a memory that endured even after he understood it to be false. He developed an interest in epistemology due to his godfather's urgings to study the fields of philosophy and logic. He was educated at the University of Neuchâtel and studied briefly at the University of Zürich.&nbsp;
During this time, he published two philosophical papers that showed the direction of his thinking at the time, but which he later dismissed as adolescent thought. His interest in psychoanalysis, at the time a burgeoning strain of psychology, can also be dated to this period. Piaget moved from Switzerland to Paris after his graduation, and he taught at the Grange-Aux-Belles Street School for Boys.&nbsp;
The school was run by Alfred Binet, the developer of the Binet-Simon test (later revised by Lewis Terman to become the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales). Piaget assisted in the marking of Binet's intelligence tests. It was while he was helping to mark some of these tests that Piaget noticed that young children consistently gave wrong answers to certain questions. Piaget did not focus so much on the fact of the children's answers being wrong, but that young children consistently made types of mistakes that older children and adults managed to avoid.&nbsp;
This led him to the theory that young children's cognitive processes are inherently different from those of adults. Ultimately, he was to propose a global theory of cognitive developmental stages in which individuals exhibit certain common patterns of cognition in each period of development. In 1921, Piaget returned to Switzerland as director of the Rousseau Institute in Geneva. At this time, the institute was directed by Édouard Claparède. Piaget was familiar with many of Claparède's ideas. Including the psychological concept 'of groping,' which was closely associated with "trials and errors" observed in human mental patterns.
In 1923, he married Valentine Châtenay (7 January 1899 – 3 July 1983); the couple had three children, whom Piaget studied from infancy. From 1925 to 1929, Piaget worked as a professor of psychology, sociology, and the philosophy of science at the University of Neuchatel. In 1929, Jean Piaget accepted the post of Director of the International Bureau of Education and remained the head of this international organization until 1968. Every year, he drafted his "Director's Speeches" for the IBE Council and for the International Conference on Public Education, in which he explicitly addressed his educational credo.
Having taught at the University of Geneva and at the University of Paris in 1964, Piaget was invited to serve as a chief consultant at two conferences at Cornell University (11–13 March) and the University of California, Berkeley (16–18 March). The conferences addressed the relationship between cognitive studies and curriculum development and strived to conceive implications of recent investigations of children's cognitive development for curricula.
In 1979, Piaget was awarded the Balzan Prize for Social and Political Sciences. Piaget died on 16 September 1980 and, as he had requested, was buried with his family in an unmarked grave in the Cimetière des Rois (Cemetery of Kings) in Geneva.

Jean

Annaka Harris (née Gorton, born 1976) is an American author. Her work touches on neuroscience, meditation, philosophy of mind, and consciousness. She is the author of the New York Times bestseller Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind (2019) and the children's book I Wonder (2013).&nbsp;
Harris was the co-founder of the non-profit science education group Project Reason in 2007. She edited the 2011 long-form essay and book Lying by her husband, Sam Harris. She is the author of the 2013 children's book I Wonder, which is about uncertainty and the nature of reality.&nbsp;
She wrote the 2019 New York Times bestselling science book Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind. Key subjects of Conscious include free will, panpsychism, and the hard problem of consciousness. Harris has been married to an atheist and philosopher, Sam Harris, since 2004. The couple has two daughters.

Annaka

Seth Godin is an American entrepreneur, author, speaker, and thought leader. He is best known for his work in marketing, and he has written 18 international bestsellers, including Tribes, Permission Marketing, Purple Cow, and The Dip. He is the founder of several companies, and he currently serves as the founder and CEO of The Domino Project and Squidoo.
Godin has been a leader in the marketing industry for more than 20 years, and he has become one of the most influential and respected voices in the industry. His books have been translated into 35 languages, and his blog is one of the most popular in the world. He has also been featured in many prestigious publications, including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Economist, and Fast Company.
Godin is a strong advocate for the use of digital marketing, and he has been instrumental in the development of many innovative marketing strategies. He is a proponent of permission marketing, which involves building relationships with customers instead of using intrusive advertising. He also believes in the importance of giving away content for free as part of a customer acquisition strategy. Additionally, Godin is a strong believer in the power of storytelling to engage and inspire customers.
Godin is also a sought-after speaker, and he has given keynote addresses and lectures around the world. He is a frequent guest on radio and television programs, and he has been a keynote speaker at conferences such as TED, South by Southwest, and PopTech. He also regularly speaks at universities and colleges, and he has been a visiting professor at several universities.
In addition to his work in marketing, Godin is an active philanthropist and a proponent of social change. He is a vocal advocate for education reform, and he has worked with several organizations to improve access to education in underserved communities. He is also a strong supporter of animal rights and environmental protection.
Godin's work has been recognized with several awards, including the Tribeca Disruptive Innovation Award and the Marketing Hall of Fame Award from the American Marketing Association. His books have also been selected as “Best Books of the Year” by the New York Times and BusinessWeek.

Seth

Kevin Simler is a writer and software engineer currently living in Brooklyn, NY. He's worked for ten years as a programmer, product designer, and engineering director and continues to advise startups about technology, leadership, and recruiting.&nbsp;
Kevin Simler graduated from Berkeley in 2004 with degrees in Philosophy and Computer Science. He started a Ph.D. in Computational Linguistics at MIT but left in 2006 to join Palantir Technologies, working there for 7 years as an engineer, engineering manager, and product designer. He has since published a book on social psychology, The Elephant in the Brain: Hidden Motives in Everyday Life (coauthored with Robin Hanson), and joined a very promising biotech startup.

Kevin

Julian

At the heart of this classic, seminal book is Julian Jaynes's still-controversial thesis that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution, but instead is a learned process that came about only three thousand years ago and is still developing.&nbsp;
The implications of this revolutionary scientific paradigm extend into virtually every aspect of our psychology, our history, and culture, our religion—and indeed our future.&nbsp;

Naval Ravikant is an Indian-American entrepreneur, author, and angel investor. Ravikant's career has focused primarily on technology, startups, and venture capital. He began his career as a software developer and later co-founded several technology companies, including Epinions and Vast.com. In 2010, he co-founded AngelList, a venture capital firm that helps startups raise funding and connect with investors. Under his leadership, AngelList has become one of the industry's most successful and influential venture firms.
Naval Ravikant is the host of the podcast "The Naval Podcast," which is focused on technology, startups, and personal development. The podcast features interviews with a wide variety of guests, including entrepreneurs, investors, authors, and other experts in the technology and startup space. The podcast is known for its deep conversations and insights on topics such as building a successful startup, the future of technology, and how to live a fulfilling life.
The podcast has gained a large following and is known for its unique format, which includes a mix of interviews, monologues, and listener Q&amp;A. The podcast is released regularly and has been running for several years. The podcast has been praised for its thought-provoking and actionable advice, its unique format and the diversity of guests. The podcast is available on most podcast platforms.
Naval Ravikant has also written the book "The Almanack of Naval Ravikant." He has also been a guest on many popular podcasts, sharing his insights on technology, startups, and personal development. He is also an active thinker and influencer on social media, sharing his thoughts on various topics, including technology, business, and personal growth.
Overall, Naval Ravikant's career has been marked by his ability to identify and capitalize on emerging trends in the technology industry and his ability to help startups navigate the challenges of building and scaling a business.

Naval

Sam Altman is an American entrepreneur, programmer, and business executive. He is best known as the President of Y Combinator, a startup accelerator and venture capital firm that provides funding, mentorship, and resources to early-stage startups. He has been involved with Y Combinator since 2011 and was named President in 2014.
Altman first gained recognition as a co-founder and CEO of Loopt, a location-based social networking app that Green Dot Corporation acquired in 2012. After the acquisition, he joined Y Combinator as a part-time partner before becoming President.
Under Altman's leadership, Y Combinator has expanded its reach and impact, now funding and mentoring over 2,000 startups, including companies such as Airbnb, Dropbox, and Reddit. The firm has also launched additional programs, such as the Y Combinator Research division, which supports fundamental research in technology, and the Y Combinator Continuity Fund, which provides later-stage funding to startups that have graduated from the accelerator program.
Altman is also known for his philanthropy and activism. He is a vocal proponent of universal basic income. He has been involved in several initiatives to explore and promote the concept, including the launch of the Universal Basic Income project in 2016, which provided a basic income to 100 individuals in Oakland, California, for a year.
He is also a board member of OpenAI, a non-profit research company that aims to develop and promote friendly AI in a way that benefits humanity as a whole.
Altman is a recognized figure in the technology industry and has been featured in numerous publications, including Forbes, The New York Times, and Inc. He has also been a guest speaker at several conferences and events, including the World Economic Forum and the SXSW Interactive Festival.

Bret Victor is a computer scientist and interaction designer known for his work in human-computer interaction. He began his career as a software engineer, working at companies such as Lucasfilm and Apple. He was part of the team that designed the user interface for the iPad. He also worked at startups and consulted for companies in the technology industry.
In addition to his work in industry, Victor is also known for his talks and writing on the future of computing. He is a proponent of creating more direct and immediate ways for people to interact with computers and has advocated for the development of better tools for programming. He has written several influential essays on the topic, including "The Future of Programming" and "Inventing on Principle."
Victor has also been involved in researching and developing new interaction models and tools for creative codings, such as the "Dynamicland" project, which aimed at creating a new way of interacting with computers through direct manipulation and physicality.
In recent years, Victor has been involved in a " Learnable Programming project," which aims to make programming more accessible and understandable to a broader audience.
In summary, Bret Victor is known for his work in human-computer interaction, particularly for his emphasis on the importance of creative tools for programmers and other digital creators, his writing and talks on the future of computing, and his research on new interaction models and tools for creative coding.

Bret

Adam Robinson is an American educator, freelance author, and a US Chess Federation life master. He is the co-founder of The Princeton Review. He currently works as a global macro advisor to the heads of some of the world's most significant hedge funds through his company Robinson Global Strategies.&nbsp;
Robinson co-authored Cracking the SAT with John Katzman, the only test preparation book to become a The New York Times Bestseller List. His other books include Cracking the LSAT, What Smart Students Know, and The RocketReview Revolution.
Born in Manhattan in 1955, Robinson attended Evanston Township High School in Illinois and was a second board on the National High School Chess Championship Team his senior year. He is a rated US chess master. He received his graduate degree in jurisprudence from Oxford University after receiving his undergraduate degree in finance and accounting from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He currently lives in Manhattan.

Richard Dawkins

Daniel Dennett

Steven Pinker

Douglas Hofstadter

null

In The Origin of Consciousness, Julian Jaynes explores the concept of the bicameral mind. He suggests that early humans didn't have a consciousness as we understand it today. Instead, they operated under a 'bicameral' system where one part of the brain 'spoke' and the other 'listened'. This is a fascinating perspective that challenges our understanding of human evolution.

Understanding the Bicameral Mind

Jaynes digs into the role of language in the development of consciousness. He argues that consciousness didn't emerge until humans developed language. This theory suggests that our ability to think, reflect, and make decisions is closely tied to our ability to communicate through language. It's a thought-provoking idea that might change how you see the power of words.

The Role of Language in Consciousness

The book also explores the shift from the bicameral mind to consciousness. Jaynes suggests that this shift was triggered by social and environmental changes. This research into the evolution of the human mind is a fascinating journey that might make you see your own consciousness in a new light.

The Shift from Bicameral Mind to Consciousness

Jaynes takes a look at how the emergence of consciousness impacted society and culture. He suggests that many aspects of ancient cultures, from religion to art, were shaped by the bicameral mind. As consciousness emerged, these aspects of culture evolved. This perspective might make you see history and culture in a new way.

The Impact of Consciousness on Society

Finally, The Origin of Consciousness encourages us to consider the ongoing evolution of consciousness. Jaynes suggests that our consciousness is not a fixed trait, but something that continues to evolve. This idea invites us to consider how our consciousness might continue to change in the future. It's a fascinating concept that might inspire you to explore your own mind and its potential.

The Ongoing Evolution of Consciousness

The Origin of Consciousness

Born in West Newton, Massachusetts, Julian Jaynes did his undergraduate work at Harvard and McGill and received both his master’s and doctoral degrees in psychology from Yale. After Yale, Jaynes spent several years in England working as an actor and playwright. Jaynes later returned to the states and lectured in psychology at Princeton University from 1964 to 1995, teaching a popular class on consciousness for much of that time.&nbsp;
In addition, he had numerous positions as Visiting Lecturer or Scholar in Residence in departments of philosophy, English, and archaeology and in numerous medical schools. Julian Jaynes was an associate editor of the internationally renowned journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences and on the Journal of Mind and Behavior editorial board. Julian Jaynes published widely, his earlier work focusing on the study of animal behavior and ethology, eventually leading him to study human consciousness. His more recent work culminated in 1976 in his book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, a nominee for the National Book Award in 1978. Articles on Jaynes’s theory appeared in Time magazine and Psychology Today in 1977.&nbsp;
Criticized by some and acclaimed by others as one of the most important books of the twentieth century, it remains as influential, controversial, and widely read today as when it was first published. Expanding on his theory, Jaynes published articles in various journals such as Canadian Psychology, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The History of Ideas, and Art/World — most of these articles have been reprinted in The Julian Jaynes Collection, along with other interviews and lectures.

Julian Jaynes

Best author’s book

The Origin of Consciousness

Written books

The Origin of Consciousness

Similar authors

Adam Grant

Jon Elster

Ryan Holiday

Robert A Johnson

Henri F. Ellenberger

Paul Graham

Bruno Snell

Jonathan Westphal

Jocko Willink

James Clear

Sigmund Freud

David Sinclair

Jean Piaget

Annaka Harris

Seth Godin

Kevin Simler

Books

Achievers

Topics

Libraries

Blog

About

Contact

Terms