Austin Tappan Wright

Austin Tappan Wright was an American legal scholar and author best remembered for his major work of Utopian fiction, Islandia. He was the son of classical scholar John Henry Wright and novelist Mary Tappan Wright, the brother of geographer John Kirtland Wright, and the grandfather of editor Tappan Wright King. Wright was born in Hanover, New Hampshire. He married on November 14, 1912, Margaret Garrad Stone. 

They had four children, William Austin, Sylvia, Phyllis, and Benjamin Tappan. The family lived successively in Berkeley, California, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Wright died in an automobile accident near Santa Fe, New Mexico, on September 18, 1931. He was survived by his wife, children, and brother. Wright entered Harvard College in 1901, graduating with an A.B. degree in 1905. 

He enrolled in the Harvard Law School in 1906, interrupting his course of study there to attend Oxford University for a year in 1906–1907 before returning and graduating cum laude with an LL.B. degree in 1908. He was on the Harvard Law Review editorial staff during his last year at Harvard. From 1908–1916 Wright worked for the law firm of Brandeis, Dunbar, and Nutter in Boston, after which he taught at the School of Jurisprudence at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1916–1924. 

His teaching work was interrupted when he worked as assistant counsel to the U.S. Shipping Board and U.S. Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation in San Francisco during World War I. He also practiced law with the San Francisco law firm of Thatcher and Wright after the war, from 1919–1924. From 1924 until his death in 1931, Wright taught at the University of Pennsylvania. 

He also taught as a visiting or acting professor at Stanford University in 1922, the University of Michigan in 1924, and the University of Southern California in 1931. The subjects he taught included Agency, Common Law Procedure, Partnership, Corporations, Damages, Persons, Admiralty, Mortgages, Municipal Corporation, Military Law, and Torts. His main interests were in Corporation Law and Admiralty. 

He published extensively in various legal journals, particularly the California Law Review and the University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Although Wright's professional colleagues knew he had literary interests outside his field and some anticipated, he might eventually branch out into other areas of literature; these possibilities appeared precluded by his early death. During his lifetime, he published just one work of fiction, the short story "1915?" in the Atlantic Monthly in April 1915.

Few people outside Wright's own family knew he had long been working on an extensive Utopian fantasy about an imaginary country he called Islandia, with an elaborately worked-out history, culture, and geography comparable in scope to J. R. R. Tolkien’s life-long writings of Middle-earth. In his papers, he left a 2300-page manuscript of a novel exploring the country, with appendices including a glossary of the Islandian language, population tables, a historic peerage, and a gazetteer and history of each of its provinces. Another book-length manuscript purported to be a general history of the country.

After Wright’s death his widow typed and edited the manuscript for publication, and following her own death in 1937 their daughter Sylvia further edited and cut the text; the novel Islandia, shorn of Wright’s appendices, was finally published in 1942, along with a promotional pamphlet by Basil Davenport, An introduction to Islandia; its history, customs, laws, language, and geography, based on the original supplementary material. Islandia became a cult classic and ultimately spawned three sequels by Mark Saxton.