Hugo

It seems that the reason that makes us human is the source of knowledge and wisdom. However, why didn't it evolve in other animals? And if it's so useful, why do we produce so much thoroughly reasoned nonsense? In their groundbreaking account of the evolution and workings of reason, Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber set out to solve this double enigma. They argue that reason isn't designed to help us arrive at better beliefs and decisions on our own; instead, what reason does is help us justify our beliefs and actions to others through argumentation and convince them through arguments. This interactionist interpretation explains why reason may have evolved and how it fits with other cognitive mechanisms.

Scott Young is a multi-talented writer, author, and speaker who has written more than 50 books, many of which have sold millions of copies around the world. His books cover a wide range of topics, including personal development, business, sports, travel, and more. He has published books in multiple languages, including English, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, and Japanese.
Young was born in Canada and began his career in journalism, writing for several newspapers and magazines. He then moved into books, publishing his first in 1995. Since then, he has written a number of bestsellers, including “The Millionaire Fastlane,” “The 4-Hour Workweek”, “The New Rules of Success,” and “The Millionaire Master Plan.” His books focus on helping readers achieve success and reach their goals.
Young has also written several children’s books, including “The Adventures of Max” series and “The Adventures of Miles.” He has also written a book about soccer called “Soccer for Everyone.” In addition, he has co-authored books with his son, such as “The Unstoppable Entrepreneur” and “The Millionaire Master Plan.”
Young has been a guest speaker at conferences and events around the world and is a popular figure in the business and personal development space. He has been featured on television and in numerous magazines, and his books have been translated into more than 20 languages.
Young has also founded the Unstoppable Foundation, which provides educational opportunities and resources to children in developing countries. He is passionate about giving back and helping others reach their goals.
In addition to his writing and speaking, Young is an avid traveler and loves to explore the world. He has visited more than 50 countries and has written a number of books about his adventures.
Scott Young is an inspiring and successful writer who has achieved international recognition for his work. His books have sold millions of copies, and he is a popular figure in the business and personal development space. He is also a passionate traveler and philanthropist who is dedicated to helping others.

Scott

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In The Enigma of Reason, Hugo Mercier explores the concept of reasoning. He suggests that reasoning isn't about reaching logical conclusions, but more about winning arguments. This perspective can change the way you approach discussions and debates.

Understanding Reasoning

Mercier digs into the social aspect of reasoning. He argues that reasoning is a social, rather than solitary, activity. It's about convincing others and understanding their point of view. This can help you see the importance of empathy and active listening in communication.

The Social Aspect of Reasoning

The book also explores the evolution of reasoning. Mercier suggests that reasoning has evolved as a tool for social interaction, not for individual problem-solving. This can make you rethink the role of reasoning in your daily life.

The Evolution of Reasoning

Mercier also highlights the limitations of reasoning. He points out that reasoning can lead to biases and errors, especially when we use it to justify our pre-existing beliefs. This can encourage you to be more critical and open-minded in your thinking.

The Limitations of Reasoning

Finally, The Enigma of Reason looks into the power of group reasoning. Mercier argues that reasoning works best in groups, where different viewpoints can challenge and refine our ideas. This can inspire you to seek diverse perspectives and foster collaborative problem-solving.

The Power of Group Reasoning

The Enigma of Reason

Delve into the human mind with the best Psychology books on the market. Find out what makes us tick, and how to apply that knowledge in life.

psychology

What does it mean to be human? The top Philosophy books by philosophers, psychologists and spiritual gurus aim to answer that big question.

philosophy

George

The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide an understanding of countless other subjects.
Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are "metaphors we live by"—metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without ever noticing them.
In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnson's influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and express our thoughts in language.

Matt Mullenweg is an American entrepreneur, web developer, and online community organizer. He is best known as the co-founder of WordPress, an open-source content management system (CMS) that powers millions of websites worldwide. He also co-founded Automattic, the company behind WordPress.com, which provides hosting, support, and other services for WordPress users.
Mullenweg began developing WordPress as a student at the University of Houston in 2003. In 2005, he co-founded Automattic and has been leading the company as CEO ever since. He is also the founder of the WordPress Foundation, which supports the open-source WordPress project.
In addition to his work with WordPress, Mullenweg is an active investor and advisor to several technology startups and has invested in companies like Medium, Akismet, Longreads, and others. He's also had several speaking engagements and keynotes on open source, web development, and entrepreneurship topics.
Matt Mullenweg is known for co-founding WordPress and Automattic and is also an active investor in various technology startups. He has invested in Medium, Akismet, Longreads, and others. He is also an advisor to startups; in his ventures, he is particularly interested in investing in companies that align with his values, such as open-source software, decentralized networks, and user privacy.
He is a firm believer in decentralized systems and often invests in startups building decentralized technologies like blockchain. He's also a big advocate for open-source and is interested in investing in companies that incorporate open-source culture into their companies and products.
Overall, Matt Mullenweg has significantly impacted the world of web development and online publishing. His work with WordPress has helped democratize the creation and management of websites for individuals and organizations of all sizes.

Matt

Tristan Harris is a technology ethicist, design thinker, and public speaker known for his work on the impact of technology on society. He is the co-founder of the Center for Humane Technology, a non-profit organization that aims to align technology with humanity's best interests.
Harris began his career as a design ethicist at Google, where he worked on the design of products such as Google Glass and Google's search algorithms. During his time at Google, he became increasingly concerned about the negative impact that technology was having on society and began to speak out about the need for greater transparency and ethical considerations in the technology industry.
In 2013, Harris founded the Time Well Spent movement, which aimed to encourage technology companies to design products that are more mindful of the way they use people's time and attention. This led to the creation of the Center for Humane Technology, which was founded in 2018 with a mission to shift technology towards a more humane and ethical trajectory by educating people on the impact of technology on their lives, promoting ethical design principles, and investing in research on technology's impact on individuals and society.
Harris has also been a vocal advocate for greater regulation of the technology industry. In 2018, he testified before the US Senate Commerce Committee on the impact of technology on children and teens and has called for greater oversight of tech companies and their practices.
In addition to his work with the Center for Humane Technology, Harris is also a frequent speaker and commentator on the topic of technology and its impact on society. He has given TED Talks and has been featured in numerous media outlets, including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and Time Magazine.
Tristan Harris' work as an advocate of human-centered design and ethical considerations in technology has gained him a reputation as one of the leading voices in the tech industry when it comes to the impact of technology on society. He has been recognized as one of the most influential people in technology by Time Magazine and Fast Company, among other publications.

Tristan

Nick Szabo is a computer scientist, legal scholar, and cryptographer known for researching digital contracts and digital currency. Szabo is known for his early work on digital currency and related concepts. In 1998, he proposed a system called "Bit Gold," which is considered a precursor to Bitcoin. Bit Gold was a decentralized digital currency that used cryptographic proof-of-work to enable secure, trustless transfers without needing a central authority. Although the system was never implemented, Szabo's ideas about digital currency and distributed ledgers were influential in developing Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.
Szabo also coined the term "smart contract" and has written extensively about the potential for digital contracts to automate and streamline legal and financial transactions. A smart contract is a computer program that can automatically execute the terms of an agreement when certain conditions are met. The idea behind smart contracts is to create a way to enforce a contract without the need for intermediaries, such as lawyers or banks. Smart contracts are designed to automate processes, ensure compliance with legal requirements, and reduce the risk of fraud or errors.
Szabo first described the concept of smart contracts in 1994 and has since written extensively about their potential applications in finance, legal, and supply chain management. He proposed that smart contracts could automate financial derivatives, digital assets, and other digital interactions.
Szabo's concept of smart contracts is now being implemented on various blockchain technologies like Ethereum, EOS, and others. His work on smart contracts laid the foundation for developing decentralized applications (DApps) and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) based on blockchain technology.
Szabo is also a researcher at Global Financial Integrity in Washington, DC, and has been a pioneer in digital currency and blockchain research. His ideas and concepts significantly influenced the development of Bitcoin and other decentralized systems.

Nick

Steven Pinker

Noam Chomsky

Daniel Dennett

Richard Dawkins

Sam Harris

In 'Metaphors We Live By', George Lakoff explains that metaphors are not just figures of speech, but they are deeply embedded in our everyday language and thought. He encourages us to explore how we use metaphors in our daily conversations and how they shape our understanding of the world.

Understanding Metaphors

Lakoff suggests that our perception of reality is largely shaped by the metaphors we use. He argues that our language doesn't just reflect our reality, it also helps to create it. So, if you want to see the world in a new light, you might want to check how you use metaphors.

Metaphors and Reality

The book shows us that metaphors have the power to influence our actions and decisions. For example, if we see arguments as war, we tend to approach them aggressively. Lakoff's research into this topic can help us understand our own behaviors better.

The Power of Metaphors

Lakoff also digs into how metaphors are influenced by our culture. Different cultures use different metaphors, which can lead to misunderstandings. By understanding this, we can improve our communication with people from different cultural backgrounds.

Metaphors and Culture

One of the most interesting points in 'Metaphors We Live By' is that by changing our metaphors, we can change our minds. If you're looking to change your perspective or mindset, you might find Lakoff's insights very useful.

Changing Metaphors, Changing Minds

Metaphors We Live By

Melanie

Melanie Joy's groundbreaking work is a gripping look at why and how humans can so wholeheartedly devote themselves to certain animals and then allow others to suffer needlessly. She coins the term carnism to describe the belief system that has conditioned us to eat certain animals and not others.&nbsp;
In Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows , Joy investigates factory farming, exposing how cruelly animals are treated, the hazards meat-packing workers face, and the environmental impact of raising 10 billion animals for food each year.
Controversial and challenging, this book will change the way you think about food forever.

Ed Winters, also known as Earthling Ed, is a vegan animal rights activist and educator from the United Kingdom. He is the co-founder and director of Surge, dedicated to animal rights advocacy and education.
He is also the host of the "Earthling Ed" podcast, where he interviews leading figures in the animal rights movement and discusses various issues related to animal rights. In addition, winters are known for his public speaking and his use of social media and online platforms to promote animal rights and veganism.&nbsp;
Winters is a well-known figure in the animal rights movement, which primarily focuses on educating people about the ethical considerations around consuming animal products, promoting a plant-based diet, and overall ethical concerns surrounding the human treatment of animals.
Earthling Ed is a podcast dedicated to discussing various issues related to animal rights and features interviews with leading figures in the animal rights movement. The Podcast aims to educate and inform listeners about animal rights issues and inspire them to take action in support of animals.
The Podcast covers a wide range of topics related to animal rights, including factory farming, animal testing, the use of animals in entertainment, and the environmental impact of animal agriculture. The show also covers lifestyle choices such as plant-based eating and veganism. The Podcast also features discussions on ethics, philosophy, and the impact of human actions on animals and the environment.
Earthling Ed podcast has gained popularity among animal rights activists and people interested in the topic. The Podcast also helps popularize the work done by different organizations and individuals working for animal rights. It also allows listeners to learn about the work of various animal rights organizations and encourages them to get involved in animal rights activism.

Earthling

Ellen DeGeneres is an American comedian, television host, actress, writer, and producer. She is best known for hosting her eponymous daytime talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, and for her comedic roles in films such as Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), and Mr. Wrong (1996). DeGeneres has hosted the Emmy Awards, the Academy Awards, and the Grammy Awards. She is also an LGBTQ rights advocate, a judge on American Idol, and a mentor on So You Think You Can Dance.
DeGeneres began her career in the comedy clubs of New Orleans, Louisiana, before moving to Los Angeles to pursue a career in stand-up comedy. She quickly rose to prominence and became a well-known figure in the entertainment industry. In 1994, she was cast in her own sitcom Ellen, which ran for five seasons. The sitcom was a rating success and earned DeGeneres numerous awards and recognition, including an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.
In 1997, DeGeneres launched her talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, which has since become one of the most popular talk shows in the world. The show has been nominated for dozens of awards and has won multiple Daytime Emmy Awards. DeGeneres has also used her platform to champion numerous causes, ranging from LGBTQ rights to animal rights.
In addition to her work in television, DeGeneres has starred in a number of films, including Mr. Wrong (1996), EDtv (1999), and The Love Letter (1999). She has also voiced characters in several animated films, including Finding Nemo (2003) and The Incredibles (2004).
DeGeneres has also written two books: My Point...And I Do Have One (1995), and Seriously...I'm Kidding (2011). The former was a best-seller and became a New York Times Best Seller.
DeGeneres has received numerous awards and honors throughout her career, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor, and multiple People's Choice Awards. She has been praised for her work in LGBTQ advocacy and for using her platform to promote various philanthropic initiatives.
In 2020, DeGeneres launched her lifestyle brand, ED by Ellen, which includes clothing, home decor, and accessories. The brand seeks to “make the world a kinder, more connected place” and encourages people to be their “authentic selves.”
DeGeneres has also been active in philanthropy, supporting causes such as animal rights, environmental conservation, education, and cancer research. She has donated to numerous charities, including St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, The Humane Society of the United States, and Stand Up to Cancer.

Ellen

Yuval Noah Harari is an Israeli historian and professor in the Department of History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is the author of the popular science bestsellers Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century. His writings examine free will, consciousness, intelligence, happiness, and suffering.
Harari writes about the cognitive revolution occurring roughly 70,000 years ago when Homo sapiens supplanted the rival Neanderthals and other species of the genus Homo, developed language skills and structured societies, and ascended as apex predators, aided by the agricultural revolution and accelerated by the scientific process, which have allowed humans to approach near mastery over their environment. His books also examine the possible consequences of a futuristic biotechnological world in which intelligent biological organisms are surpassed by their creations; he has said, "Homo sapiens as we know them will disappear in a century or so."
In Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, Harari surveys human history from the evolutionary emergence of Homo Sapiens to 21st Century political and technological revolutions. The book is based on his lectures to an undergraduate world history class.
Yuval Noah Harari was born and raised in Kiryat Ata, Israel, one of three children born to Shlomo and Pnina Harari. His family was a secular Jewish family. His father was a state-employed armaments engineer, and his mother was an office administrator. Harari taught himself to read at age three. He studied in a class for intellectually gifted children at the Leo Baeck Education Center in Haifa from the age of eight. He deferred mandatory military service in the Israel Defense Forces to pursue university studies as part of the Ayuda program. Still, he was later exempted from completing his military service following his studies due to health issues. He began studying history and international relations at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem at age 17.
Harari first specialized in medieval history and military history in his studies from 1993 to 1998 at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He completed his D.Phil. degree at Jesus College, Oxford, in 2002, under the supervision of Steven J. Gunn. From 2003 to 2005, he pursued postdoctoral studies in history as a Yad Hanadiv Fellow. While at Oxford, Harari first encountered the writings of Jared Diamond, whom he acknowledged as an influence on his writing. At a Berggruen Institute salon, Harari said that Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel "was an epiphany in my academic career. I realized that I could write such books."
Harari has published numerous books and articles, including Special Operations in the Age of Chivalry, 1100–1550; The Ultimate Experience: Battlefield Revelations and the Making of Modern War Culture, 1450–2000; The Concept of 'Decisive Battles' in World History; and Armchairs, Coffee and Authority: Eye-witnesses and Flesh-witnesses Speak about War, 1100–2000. He now specializes in world history and macro-historical processes.
His book Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind was initially published in Hebrew in 2011 based on the 20 lectures of an undergraduate world history class he was teaching. It was released in English in 2014 and has since been translated into 45 additional languages. The book surveys the entire length of human history, from the evolution of Homo sapiens in the Stone Age to the political and technological revolutions of the 21st Century. The Hebrew edition became a bestseller in Israel and generated much interest among the general public, turning Harari into a celebrity. Joseph Drew wrote that "Sapiens provides a wide-ranging and thought-provoking introduction for students of comparative civilization," considering it as a work that "highlights the importance and wide expanse of the social sciences."
Harari's follow-up book, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, was published in 2016 and examines the possibilities for the future of Homo sapiens. The book's premise outlines that, in the future, humanity will likely make a significant attempt to gain happiness, immortality, and God-like powers. Furthermore, the book openly speculates various ways this ambition might be realized for Homo sapiens in the future based on the past and present. Among several possibilities for the future, Harari develops the term "dataism" for a philosophy or mindset that worships big data. In The New York Times Book Review, Siddhartha Mukherjee stated that although the book "fails to convince me entirely," he considers it "essential reading for those who think about the future."
Harari's book, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, published on 30 August 2018, focused more on present-day concerns. A review in the New Statesman commented on "risible moral dictums littered throughout the text," criticizing Harari's writing style, and stated that he was "trafficking in pointless asides and excruciating banalities." On the other hand, Kirkus Reviews praised the book as a "tour de force." They described it as a "highly instructive exploration of current affairs and the immediate future of human societies."
In November 2020, the first volume of his graphic adaptation of Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, Sapiens: A Graphic History – The Birth of Humankind, co-authored with David Vandermeulen and Daniel Casanave, was published and launched at a live stream event organized by How to Academy and Penguin Books.
In 2022, Harari's latest book, Unstoppable Us: How Humans Took Over the World, illustrated by Ricard Zaplana Ruiz, was published and is a "Story of Human History — for Kids." In fewer than 200 pages of child-friendly language, Harari covers the same content as his best-selling book Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, but "he has simplified the presentation for this younger audience without dumbing it down." This book is "the first of four planned volumes."

Yuval Noah

Melanie Joy introduces us to the concept of 'Carnism', a belief system that conditions us to eat certain animals. She encourages us to explore this invisible ideology and question why we love dogs, eat pigs, and wear cows.

Carnism: The Invisible Belief System

The book digs into how our society and culture play a significant role in shaping our food choices. It's not just about personal preference, but also about the norms and traditions we grow up with.

The Power of Social Conditioning

Melanie Joy asks us to extend our empathy not just to pets like dogs and cats, but also to the animals we consume. She makes us see that all animals are capable of feeling pain and experiencing emotions.

Empathy Towards Animals

The author encourages us to research and understand the environmental, health, and ethical implications of our food choices. She nudges us to look into the realities of animal agriculture and its effects on our planet.

The Impact of Our Food Choices

Finally, the book doesn't just present a problem, but also offers a solution. Melanie Joy believes that change is possible and encourages us to consider adopting a more compassionate and sustainable diet.

The Possibility of Change

Why We Love Dogs, Eats Pigs, and Wear Cows

Simone

In 1949, Simone de Beauvoir published The Second Sex, a book that examines the notion of “woman” and the male-female divide. Long considered a classic in feminist philosophy, The Second Sex was not only groundbreaking in its day but remains eye-opening and pertinent today.&nbsp;
Written with her customary eloquence and intelligence, de Beauvoir’s monumental study draws on extensive interviews with women of every age and station of life to explore the power of sexuality. Integrating research about women’s bodies and psyches as well as their historic and economic roles into her analysis, this encyclopedic yet accessible book is an impassioned document about inequality and enforced “otherness.”

Arianna Huffington is a Greek-American author, syndicated columnist, and businesswoman. She was born Arianna Stassinopoulos on July 15, 1950, in Athens, Greece. She moved to the United Kingdom with her family when she was 16 and later studied economics at Girton College, Cambridge.
After graduating, Huffington began her career as a writer and commentator and was a prominent conservative commentator in the UK during the 1970s and 1980s. She later moved to the United States, where she continued her career as a political commentator and became a naturalized citizen in 1990.
In 2005, Huffington co-founded The Huffington Post, a news and opinion website, with Kenneth Lerer and Jonah Peretti. AOL acquired the site in 2011 for $315 million. She served as the site's editor-in-chief from 2005 to 2016.
Huffington is also a prolific author and has written several books, including "The Sleep Revolution," "Thrive," and "The Fourth Instinct: The Call of the Soul." She is also a public speaker and has delivered speeches on various topics, including well-being, media, and politics.
In 2016, Huffington resigned as editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post to focus on her health and wellness startup, Thrive Global, which focuses on reducing workplace stress and burnout. She is still the CEO of Thrive Global.
AOL acquired the Huffington Post in 2011 for $315 million. In 2016, she stepped down as editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post to focus on her new startup, Thrive Global, which aims to end the "epidemic of stress and burnout" by offering corporate wellness programs and products. Huffington is also an author, having written 14 books, including the best-seller "Thrive: The Third Metric to Redefining Success and Creating a Life of Well-Being, Wisdom, and Wonder."

Arianna

Laura Walker is the President and CEO of New York Public Radio (NYPR), which operates WNYC and WQXR, two of the most influential public radio stations in the United States. She has been with NYPR since 1991 and has held various leadership positions within the organization, including Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer.
Laura Walker began her career at New York Public Radio (NYPR) in 1991, starting as the Director of Institutional Giving and later, Vice President of Development and External Affairs. From there, she worked her way up through the organization, taking on various leadership positions and ultimately becoming the President and CEO in 2000.
During her tenure as CEO, Walker has overseen the expansion of NYPR's programming, digital and podcasting offerings, and audience reach. In addition, she has worked to diversify the station's funding sources and to build a strong relationship with its listeners and community. She has also led the station in creating award-winning podcast series such as "2 Dope Queens", "Death, Sex &amp; Money," and "The Takeaway" and expanded the station's national reach.
Throughout her career, Walker has been recognized for her contributions to the public radio industry and her leadership within the field. She has served on several arts and cultural organization boards in New York City. She was inducted into the Broadcasting &amp; Cable Hall of Fame in 2020. Under her guidance, NYPR has gained a significant reputation as an innovative digital media and podcasting leader.

Laura

Gloria Steinem

Betty Friedan

Julia Kristeva

Judith Butler

Camille Paglia

In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir explores the concept of women being seen as 'The Other' in a male-dominated society. She argues that women have been historically viewed as secondary or lesser than men. This is a thought-provoking idea that challenges us to reconsider our societal norms and values.

Understanding the Concept of 'The Other'

Beauvoir digs into the biological and historical factors that have contributed to women's inferior status. She suggests that these factors have been used to justify the oppression of women. It's a fascinating look into how biology and history can shape societal norms.

The Impact of Biology and History on Women's Status

One of the key points Beauvoir makes in The Second Sex is the importance of economic independence for women. She believes that financial freedom is crucial for women to break free from male dominance. This is a powerful message that encourages women to strive for financial independence.

The Importance of Economic Independence

Beauvoir also explores the role of sexuality in women's liberation. She argues that women's sexual liberation is a key part of their overall freedom. This is a bold and empowering message that encourages women to take control of their sexuality.

The Role of Sexuality in Women's Liberation

In The Second Sex, Beauvoir emphasizes the power of personal freedom. She believes that women should have the freedom to define themselves, rather than being defined by societal expectations. This is a powerful message that encourages us to embrace our individuality and reject societal norms that limit our freedom.

The Power of Personal Freedom

The Second Sex

Peter

A Few Lessons from Sherlock Holmes could definitely help you solve your problems. The book is an easy-to-read and insightful adventure through the world of Sherlock Holmes.&nbsp;
It is a fast book that will teach you wise methods and quotes to apply in all situations. Peter Bevelin has distilled Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes into bite-sized principles and key quotes.&nbsp;
This book will appeal to both Sherlock fans as well as those who want to think better. It contains useful and timeless methods and questions applicable to a variety of important issues in life and business. We could all benefit from A few lessons from Sherlock Holmes.&nbsp;

Nassim Nicholas Taleb is a Lebanese-American essayist, scholar, statistician, and former trader and risk analyst whose work focuses on problems of randomness, probability, and uncertainty. He is the author of several books, including "The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable," which was published in 2007 and became a bestseller.
Taleb is a former trader and risk analyst and has worked as a professor of risk engineering at New York University's Tandon School of Engineering. He has a background in mathematics, statistics, and computer science and has published numerous papers in academic journals on topics related to randomness and uncertainty.
Taleb's main area of research is the study of "black swans," which he defines as rare events that have a large impact and are typically not predictable. He argues that traditional risk assessment methods, such as using historical data to predict future events, are inadequate because they fail to consider the possibility of black swan events.
Taleb is also known for his criticism of the concept of "normalcy" in statistics and his skepticism of the use of mathematical models in finance and economics. He has argued that the assumptions made in these models are often unrealistic and can lead to dangerous oversimplifications.
In addition to his work in academia, Taleb is also a public intellectual and has written several books for a general audience. His books have been widely discussed and debated in the media and have been translated into multiple languages.
Taleb is a strong advocate for antifragility, a concept he has developed and popularized in his books. Antifragility is the property of a system or entity that improves when subjected to volatility, shocks, stressors, or disorder and doesn't just remain indifferent to them.
Taleb's writing style is often characterized as provocative and contrarian, and he is known for his strong opinions on a wide range of topics. His work has been influential in the fields of economics, finance, and risk management and has also been discussed in the broader cultural and intellectual conversation.

Nassim Nicholas

Patrick O'Shaughnessy is the Chief Executive Officer of O’Shaughnessy Asset Management (OSAM). He is a renowned financial expert, author, and podcast producer.
In his role at OSAM, Patrick oversees company operations and is responsible for its growth and success. He works to ensure that the company’s focus remains on providing its clients with the best possible investment advice and strategies.
Patrick is the author of Millennial Money: How Young Investors Can Build a Fortune, published by Palgrave Macmillan. The book provides readers with actionable advice on how to get started with investing, build a portfolio, and become a successful investor. He is also a contributing author to the Fourth Edition of What Works on Wall Street, a book by James O’Shaughnessy that covers the latest strategies and tools for successful investing.
In addition to his work at OSAM, Patrick is the host of the popular podcast “Invest Like the Best.” The podcast features conversations with leading investors across asset classes. The show has become a favorite of investors around the world and has surpassed 7 million downloads.
Patrick is also a frequent speaker at industry and investor conferences and events. He is regularly invited to present at events such as the Sohn Investment Conference and the Value Investing Congress. Patrick holds a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania and a Master’s degree in Financial Management from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
With his vast experience in the investment industry and his passion for helping others become successful investors, Patrick has become a leading figure in the world of financial advice. He continues to work to help people become successful investors and is a trusted advisor to investors around the world.

Patrick

Warren Buffett

Charlie Munger

Robert Hagstrom

Guy Spier

Mohnish Pabrai

Peter Bevelin, in his book 'A Few Lessons from Sherlock Holmes', emphasizes the importance of observation. He suggests that we should not just see, but observe. The difference is that observation involves active engagement and attention to detail. This can help us in our daily lives, from solving problems to understanding people better.

The Power of Observation

Bevelin explores the concept of deduction, a key tool in Sherlock Holmes' arsenal. Deduction involves drawing conclusions based on the information available. It's a skill that can be honed with practice and can be applied in various aspects of life, from decision making to problem-solving.

The Art of Deduction

The book highlights the importance of having a wide range of knowledge. Sherlock Holmes is known for his vast knowledge on a variety of subjects, which he uses to solve cases. This teaches us that having a broad understanding of the world can help us navigate through life more effectively.

Importance of Knowledge

One of the key takeaways from the book is to question everything. Don't take things at face value. Dig deeper, research, and find the truth. This approach can help us make better decisions and avoid being misled.

Question Everything

Lastly, Bevelin emphasizes the value of clear thinking. He suggests that we should strive to eliminate biases and preconceived notions to see things as they truly are. This can lead to better decision making and a more accurate understanding of the world around us.

The Value of Clear Thinking

A Few Lessons from Sherlock Holmes

John

The book is a radical work of philosophy that questions our most cherished assumptions about what it means to be human.  John Gray explores how the world and human life look once humanism is abandoned. 

Antonio García Martínez is an entrepreneur, investor, writer, and tech industry veteran. He has had a long and varied career, beginning in the early days of the dot-com boom and continuing today. Early in his career, Antonio worked in a variety of roles at companies such as Apple, Microsoft, and Goldman Sachs.
At Apple, Antonio held a variety of positions, including working on the retail side of the business, developing software, and helping to launch the Apple Store. At Microsoft, Antonio was involved in the development of a number of products, including Windows 95 and Windows 98. After leaving Microsoft, Antonio founded Adify, a venture-backed ad network that WPP eventually acquired.
More recently, Antonio has become an investor, author, and thought leader in the technology and venture capital industries. He has invested in a variety of startups, including Twitter, Uber, and Stripe. He is also the author of the book Chaos Monkeys: Obscene Fortune and Random Failure in Silicon Valley, which chronicles his experiences in the tech industry.
In addition to his work as an investor and author, Antonio is a sought-after speaker and thought leader. He has appeared on the TED stage, as well as at conferences including SXSW, DLD, and TechCrunch Disrupt. Antonio is often called upon to provide his expertise and insight into the tech industry, as well as his views on the current state of venture capital and startups.
Overall, Antonio García Martínez is an accomplished entrepreneur, investor, author, and thought leader. His wealth of experience and knowledge from working in and around the tech industry, combined with his excellent communication skills, make him a highly sought-after individual in the industry.

Antonio García

John Gray challenges the common belief that humans are making progress. He argues that our technological advancements and scientific discoveries don't necessarily make us more enlightened or better than our ancestors. It's a thought-provoking perspective that encourages you to question what you've always assumed about human progress.

Questioning Human Progress

Gray explores the concept of free will and suggests that it might be an illusion. He believes that our actions are largely determined by factors beyond our control. This idea might make you see your decisions and actions in a new light.

The Illusion of Free Will

In Straw Dogs, Gray takes a look at the roles of religion and science in society. He suggests that both are attempts to make sense of the world, but neither can provide definitive answers. This perspective might make you rethink your views on religion and science.

The Role of Religion and Science

Gray digs into the nature of human beings and suggests that we are not as unique or superior as we like to think. He argues that we are just another animal species, driven by our instincts and desires. This idea might challenge your perception of humanity.

The Nature of Human Beings

John Gray explores the human search for meaning and suggests that it might be futile. He believes that life doesn't have a purpose beyond survival and reproduction. This perspective might make you reconsider your own search for meaning in life.

The Search for Meaning

Straw Dogs

Adam

In his brilliant new book, On Balance, psychoanalyst Adam Phillips explores literature and art in order to make us think about our own appetites and fears.  He shows us that powerful strangers are not the only ones who can make us feel uncomfortable.  How do we know when enough is enough? Are there times when too much is just right? Why is Cinderella’s biggest problem not the prince, but other women? What can Richard III’s furious sense of helplessness tell us of our own desires? In On Balance, Phillips shows off his expansive gifts as a thinker, connecting ideas in ways that sparkle and enlighten. 

Frank Chimero is an American graphic designer, artist, and writer. He is best known for his work in web design, illustration, and typography.=
Frank was born and raised in Portland, Oregon. He studied at the Art Institute of Portland, where he received his BFA in Graphic Design. After college, he went on to work as a freelance designer, creating websites, logos, and illustrations for a variety of clients.
Frank's style is characterized by its simplicity and playfulness. He often employs a muted color palette, minimal shapes, and plenty of white space. His work is often described as "intuitive," as he often creates designs that are both visually appealing and easy to understand.
In addition to his graphic design work, Frank also creates art and writings. He has written several books, including "The Shape of Design" and "A Pocket Guide to Designing for the Web." His drawings and paintings often explore themes of identity and playfulness.
Frank also speaks regularly at design conferences and workshops around the world. He has presented at AIGA's National Conference, SXSW, and the World Wide Web Conference. He has also been featured on TED Talks, NPR, and the BBC.
In addition to his professional work, Frank is also an avid hiker and gardener. He often takes walks in nature to explore and observe. His love of nature often influences his design work. Frank Chimero is a multi-talented individual with a passion for design, art, and writing. He is a master of his craft, and his work speaks for itself.

Frank

In On Balance, Adam Phillips takes us on a journey to explore the concept of balance in our lives. He suggests that balance isn't about perfection, but about managing the chaos in our lives. It's about finding a middle ground between our desires and reality.

Exploring the Concept of Balance

Phillips makes a compelling case for the role of excess in our lives. He argues that our excesses, whether they're desires, fears, or ambitions, can be a source of creativity and growth. So, don't be afraid to embrace your excesses, they might lead you to something great.

The Role of Excess

While the book's title might suggest otherwise, Phillips actually emphasizes the importance of unbalance. He believes that it's through our moments of unbalance that we truly learn and grow. So, next time you feel off-kilter, remember that it's an opportunity for growth.

The Importance of Unbalance

Phillips encourages us to embrace ambiguity. He argues that life isn't black and white, and we shouldn't try to make it so. Instead, we should learn to navigate the gray areas and find balance within them.

The Power of Ambiguity

One of the most powerful takeaways from On Balance is the importance of listening. Phillips, a renowned psychoanalyst, shows us that listening isn't just about hearing words, but about understanding the emotions and experiences behind them. So, take a moment to really listen to the people around you, it might change your perspective.

The Art of Listening

On Balance

Jean

This classic study examines a problem that stands at the heart of society: How does a child distinguish between right and wrong?
Professor Piaget and his colleagues begin their investigation by analyzing the rules of the game – in this case a seemingly simple game of marbles – as handed down from one group of children to another. They observe the child's total acceptance of the consensus rules and describe the moral pressure of the group on the individual. Piaget proceeds to an analysis of lying, cheating, adult authority, punishment, and responsibility, noting and evaluating the changing attitudes of growing children toward these moral realities.&nbsp;
The book concludes with a comparison of the findings of this significant study with those theories in social psychology and sociology that bear directly on the moral development of the child.&nbsp;

Jordan Peterson is a Canadian clinical psychologist, cultural critic, and professor of psychology at the University of Toronto. He first gained widespread recognition in 2016 with the publication of his book "12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos," which became a best-seller and sparked a global conversation about personal responsibility, masculinity, and the nature of meaning in life.
Peterson's ideas and teachings center around the idea of personal responsibility and self-improvement. He encourages individuals to take responsibility for their own lives and to strive for self-actualization rather than relying on external factors to create meaning and purpose in life. He is known for his critiques of political correctness and what he views as a lack of individual responsibility in society. He is also known for his views on masculinity and the role of men in society.
Peterson is a practicing clinical psychologist who has written extensively on personality and the psychological foundations of human behavior. He has also written about the intersection of psychology and religion and has been critical of postmodernism and Marxism.
Peterson has been a controversial figure, with some seeing him as a champion of free speech and individual rights, while others see him as promoting regressive and harmful ideas. He has faced criticism for his views on gender and race and for his opposition to certain government policies related to these issues.
In addition to his writing and speaking engagements, Peterson has also conducted research on the role of personality in mental health and has been involved in a number of clinical studies. He is also a popular lecturer and has given many public talks on a wide range of topics related to psychology, philosophy, and culture.
Peterson is a well-known figure in the cultural and intellectual landscape, known for his ideas on personal responsibility, self-improvement, and the nature of meaning in life, as well as his critiques of political correctness and certain government policies. Despite his critics, his impact is undeniable. His books and lectures have helped many people to improve themselves and their lives.
In addition to his books and lectures, Jordan Peterson also has a popular YouTube channel where he posts videos on a variety of topics, including psychology, philosophy, and cultural criticism. He is also active on social media, where he engages with his followers and shares his thoughts and ideas.
Peterson's influence extends beyond the academic and intellectual spheres. His ideas have resonated with a wide range of people, from young men seeking guidance on how to navigate the complexities of modern life to professionals looking for ways to improve their personal and professional lives. He has also been a vocal advocate for fathers' importance and encouraged men to take responsibility for their families and communities.
In 2019, Peterson announced that he was suffering from an addiction to benzodiazepines and that he would be taking a leave of absence from his work to focus on his recovery. In 2020, he announced that he was also suffering from a serious case of pneumonia and had to undergo chemotherapy, which left him with many health complications. Despite this, Peterson continues to publish new content, write and speak in interviews, showing great resilience and determination.
In summary, Jordan Peterson is a well-known figure in the cultural and intellectual landscape, known for his ideas on personal responsibility, self-improvement, and the nature of meaning in life. His books and lectures have helped many people to improve themselves and their lives. He is also active on YouTube and social media and continues to publish new content and speak in interviews despite his health issues.

Jordan

In 'The Moral Judgment of the Child', Jean Piaget explores the development of moral judgment in children. He suggests that children's understanding of right and wrong evolves as they grow, starting from a 'heteronomous' stage where they view rules as fixed and unchangeable, to an 'autonomous' stage where they understand that rules can be negotiated and changed.

Understanding the Development of Moral Judgment

Piaget emphasizes the importance of social interaction in moral development. He believes that through interactions with peers, children learn to consider others' perspectives, leading to a more nuanced understanding of morality. So, if you're a parent or a teacher, encouraging group activities could be a great way to foster moral development.

The Role of Social Interaction

The book also highlights how authority figures can impact a child's moral judgment. In the early stages, children tend to view the rules set by adults as absolute. However, as they grow older, they start to see that rules can be questioned and are not always fair. This is a crucial insight for anyone involved in child education or parenting.

The Influence of Authority Figures

Piaget's research in 'The Moral Judgment of the Child' shows that the journey to moral autonomy is a gradual process. It's not something that happens overnight. This understanding can help parents and educators to be patient and supportive as children navigate their way towards moral independence.

The Process of Moral Autonomy

One of the key takeaways from the book is the importance of fairness and equality in a child's moral development. Piaget found that children develop a sense of justice and fairness from a young age. This suggests that teaching children about these concepts early on can help shape their moral compass.

The Importance of Fairness and Equality

The Moral Judgment of the Child

Sigmund

Freud's masterpiece, 1929's Civilization, and Its Discontents stand as a brilliant summary of his development of psychoanalytic theory. It is both witness and tribute to the late theory of mind—the so-called structural theory, with its stress on aggression, indeed the death drive, as the pitiless adversary of eros.&nbsp;
The book is set against the vast background of Freud's vision of human development from infancy to maturity and through old age, a vision that illuminates his concern for the problems inherent in modern civilization.

Mark Manson is the #1 New York Times Bestselling author of Everything is F*cked: A Book About Hope and The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life, the mega-bestseller that reached #1 in fourteen different countries. Mark’s books have been translated into more than 50 languages and have sold over 12 million copies worldwide.
Mark runs one of the largest personal growth websites in the world, MarkManson.net, a blog with more than two million monthly readers and half a million subscribers. His writing is often described as ‘self-help for people who hate self-help’ — a no-BS brand of life advice and cultural commentary that has struck a chord with people around the globe. His writing has appeared in The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, TIME Magazine, Forbes, Vice, CNN, and Vox, among many others. He currently lives in New York City.

Mark

Albert Einstein

Carl Jung

Ernest Jones

Jacques Lacan

Harold Bloom

In Civilization and Its Discontents, Sigmund Freud explores the tension between individual desires and societal norms. He suggests that society's rules often suppress our natural instincts, leading to unhappiness. This is a key theme in the book, and it's worth digging into if you're interested in psychology or social dynamics.

The Conflict Between Individual and Society

Freud delves into the concept of guilt, seeing it as a crucial factor in the development of civilization. He argues that guilt, as a result of internalized aggression and fear of authority, is a key tool for maintaining social order. If you've ever wondered why you feel guilty for certain actions, this book might provide some answers.

The Role of Guilt

Freud takes a look at the human pursuit of happiness, which he believes is often in conflict with the demands of civilization. He suggests that our quest for pleasure and avoidance of pain can lead to discontent in a society that requires compromise and sacrifice. If you're struggling to find happiness in your life, Freud's insights might help you understand why.

The Pursuit of Happiness

Freud isn't shy about discussing religion in Civilization and Its Discontents. He views religion as an illusion that humans create to fulfill their desires and to cope with the harsh realities of life. If you're interested in the intersection of psychology and religion, you'll find Freud's perspectives fascinating.

The Influence of Religion

Freud also explores the concept of love, seeing it as a powerful force that can both unite and divide. He suggests that while love can bring people together, it can also lead to intense suffering when it's not reciprocated or when it ends. If you've ever been in love, you'll likely find Freud's analysis relatable and insightful.

The Concept of Love

Civilization and Its Discontents

Rollo

The core of human unhappiness, according to Rollo May, is our failure to understand the real meaning of love and will.  We have alienated ourselves from our own deepest nature.  May examines this dilemma with insight and compassion, offering a guide to the repossession of what he calls “the lost soul. ”

In Love and Will, Rollo May explores the concept of love and will as two powerful forces that shape our lives. He suggests that love is not just a feeling, but a decision and an act of will. This means that we have the power to choose who we love and how we express that love.

Understanding Love and Will

Rollo May digs into the role of anxiety in our lives. He sees it not as a negative force, but as a catalyst for growth and change. It's a signal that we need to take a look at our lives and make necessary changes. So, don't be afraid of anxiety, instead, see it as a call to action.

The Role of Anxiety

May emphasizes the importance of being authentic in our relationships. He believes that true love can only exist when we are true to ourselves and others. So, if you want to experience real love, start by being honest and genuine.

The Importance of Authenticity

Rollo May researches the concept of will. He sees it as a force that enables us to make decisions and take action. It's what allows us to choose love, even when it's difficult. So, remember, your will is a powerful tool that can help you shape your life.

The Power of Will

In Love and Will, you'll find that May makes a fascinating connection between love and creativity. He suggests that when we love, we create, and when we create, we express our love. So, if you're looking to boost your creativity, try tapping into your capacity for love.

The Connection between Love and Creativity

Love and Will

 In the book On Kindness, an eminent psychoanalyst (Adam Phillips) and historian (Barbara Taylor) examine the pleasures and perils of kindness.  They believe that people of our generation have been taught to perceive ourselves as fundamentally antagonistic to one another; we have chosen loneliness over connection.  In this book, they explain how and why we have chosen loneliness over connection.  The book draws on intellectual history, literature, psychoanalysis, and contemporary social theory. 

In 'On Kindness', Adam Phillips explores the concept of kindness in depth. He suggests that kindness is not just about being nice to others, but it's a complex and essential part of human nature. It's a book that encourages you to dig deeper into your understanding of kindness.

Understanding Kindness

Phillips takes a look at how kindness plays a crucial role in our relationships. He argues that kindness is the foundation of any successful relationship. It's not just about doing good deeds, but about understanding and empathizing with others.

The Role of Kindness in Relationships

One of the key points in 'On Kindness' is the relationship between kindness and self-interest. Phillips suggests that these two are not mutually exclusive. In fact, being kind to others can also be a way of taking care of ourselves.

Kindness and Self-Interest

Phillips doesn't just explore the concept of kindness in the present, but also takes us on a journey through its history. He researches how the perception of kindness has changed over time and what it tells us about our society.

The History of Kindness

In the book, Phillips emphasizes the transformative power of kindness. He shows that being kind can change our lives and the world around us in profound ways. It's a call to action to be more kind in our daily lives.

The Power of Kindness

On Kindness

Viktor

A book for finding purpose and strength in times of great despair, the international best-seller is still just as relevant today as when it was first published.
This seminal book, which has been called “one of the outstanding contributions to psychological thought” by Carl Rogers and “one of the great books of our time” by Harold Kushner, has been translated into more than fifty languages and sold over sixteen million copies.
“An enduring work of survival literature,” according to the New York Times, Viktor Frankl’s riveting account of his time in the Nazi concentration camps, and his insightful exploration of the human will to find meaning despite the worst adversity, has offered solace and guidance to generations of readers since it was first published in 1946.
At the heart of Frankl’s theory of logotherapy (from the Greek word for “meaning”) is a conviction that the primary human drive is not pleasure, as Freud maintained, but rather the discovery and pursuit of what the individual finds meaningful.
Today, as new generations face new challenges and an ever more complex and uncertain world, Frankl’s classic work continues to inspire us all to find significance in the very act of living despite all obstacles.

Ev Williams is a technology entrepreneur, investor, and philanthropist. He is best known for co-founding Blogger, Twitter, and Medium. Williams is also the founder of Obvious Corporation, a venture capital fund that invests in early-stage startups.
Williams grew up in Nebraska and attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. After graduating in 1994, he moved to California and got a job as a software engineer at O'Reilly Media. In the late 90s, he developed a web application called Pyra Labs, which was later acquired by Google and became the foundation for their blogging product, Blogger.
Williams left Google in 2003 to launch Odeo, a podcasting platform. Odeo was eventually sold to SonicMountain, and Williams moved on to start Obvious Corporation in 2006. In 2008, he co-founded Twitter with Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, and Biz Stone.
Twitter became an overnight success, and Williams served as the company's CEO from 2008 to 2010. During this time, he helped the company expand and develop new products. He stepped down from the company in 2011 and began investing in startups and early-stage companies.
In 2012, Williams founded Medium, a platform for publishing and sharing stories. Medium has become a popular platform for writers and journalists to share their work. Williams served as the company's CEO until 2017 when he stepped down and became the company's chairman.
In addition to his investments and businesses, Williams is also a philanthropist. In 2014, he founded the Williams Family Foundation, which focuses on education, health, and the environment. He has also donated to various organizations, including the American Red Cross, CARE, and the ACLU.
Williams is an inspiration to many entrepreneurs and tech professionals. He has demonstrated a passion for building companies, investing in startups, and giving back to his community. His success has shown that with hard work and dedication, anything is possible.

Naval Ravikant is an Indian-American entrepreneur, author, and angel investor. Ravikant's career has focused primarily on technology, startups, and venture capital. He began his career as a software developer and later co-founded several technology companies, including Epinions and Vast.com. In 2010, he co-founded AngelList, a venture capital firm that helps startups raise funding and connect with investors. Under his leadership, AngelList has become one of the industry's most successful and influential venture firms.
Naval Ravikant is the host of the podcast "The Naval Podcast," which is focused on technology, startups, and personal development. The podcast features interviews with a wide variety of guests, including entrepreneurs, investors, authors, and other experts in the technology and startup space. The podcast is known for its deep conversations and insights on topics such as building a successful startup, the future of technology, and how to live a fulfilling life.
The podcast has gained a large following and is known for its unique format, which includes a mix of interviews, monologues, and listener Q&amp;A. The podcast is released regularly and has been running for several years. The podcast has been praised for its thought-provoking and actionable advice, its unique format and the diversity of guests. The podcast is available on most podcast platforms.
Naval Ravikant has also written the book "The Almanack of Naval Ravikant." He has also been a guest on many popular podcasts, sharing his insights on technology, startups, and personal development. He is also an active thinker and influencer on social media, sharing his thoughts on various topics, including technology, business, and personal growth.
Overall, Naval Ravikant's career has been marked by his ability to identify and capitalize on emerging trends in the technology industry and his ability to help startups navigate the challenges of building and scaling a business.

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The Enigma of Reason

408 pages, 2019

Dan Sperber

Hugo Mercier

psychology

philosophy

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Scott Young

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