Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, critic of political economy, historian, political theorist, and revolutionary socialist. He was also a businessman, journalist, and political activist whose father was an owner of large textile factories in Salford (Lancashire, England) and Barmen, Prussia (now Wuppertal, Germany).
Engels developed what is now known as Marxism together with Karl Marx. In 1845, he published The Condition of the Working Class in England, based on personal observations and research in English cities. In 1848, Engels co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Marx and also authored and co-authored (primarily with Marx) many other works. Later, Engels supported Marx financially, allowing him to do research and write Das Kapital.&nbsp;
After Marx's death, Engels edited the second and third volumes of Das Kapital. Additionally, Engels organized Marx's notes on the Theories of Surplus Value which were later published as the "fourth volume" of Das Kapital. In 1884, he published The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State on the basis of Marx's ethnographic research.
On 5 August 1895, aged 74, Engels died of laryngeal cancer in London. Following cremation, his ashes were scattered off Beachy Head, near Eastbourne. Friedrich Engels was born on 28 November 1820 in Barmen, Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Prussia (now Wuppertal, Germany), as eldest son of Friedrich Engels Sr. (1796–1860) and of Elisabeth "Elise" Franziska Mauritia von Haar (1797–1873).[10] The wealthy Engels family owned large cotton-textile mills in Barmen and Salford, both expanding industrial metropoles. Friedrich's parents were devout Pietist Protestants, and they raised their children accordingly.
At the age of 13, Engels attended grammar school (Gymnasium) in the adjacent city of Elberfeld but had to leave at 17 due to pressure from his father, who wanted him to become a businessman and start work as a mercantile apprentice in the family firm. After a year in Barmen, the young Engels was, in 1838, sent by his father to undertake an apprenticeship at a trading house in Bremen. His parents expected that he would follow his father into a career in the family business. Their son's revolutionary activities disappointed them. It would be some years before he joined the family firm.
Whilst at Bremen, Engels began reading the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, whose teachings dominated German philosophy at that time. In September 1838, he published his first poem, "The Bedouin," in the Bremisches Conversationsblatt No. 40. He also engaged in other literary work and began writing newspaper articles critiquing the societal ills of industrialization. He wrote under the pseudonym "Friedrich Oswald" to avoid connecting his family with his provocative writings.
In 1841, Engels performed his military service in the Prussian Army as a member of the Household Artillery (German: Garde-Artillerie-Brigade). Assigned to Berlin, he attended university lectures at the University of Berlin and began to associate with groups of Young Hegelians. He anonymously published articles in the Rheinische Zeitung, exposing factory workers' poor employment and living conditions.
&nbsp;The editor of the Rheinische Zeitung was Karl Marx, but Engels would not meet Marx until late November 1842. Engels acknowledged the influence of German philosophy on his intellectual development throughout his career. In 1840, he also wrote: "To get the most out of life, you must be active, you must live, and you must have the courage to taste the thrill of being young." Engels developed atheistic beliefs, and his relationship with his parents became strained.

Friedrich

Guy-Ernest Debord (/dəˈbɔːr/; French: [gi dəbɔʁ]; 28 December 1931 – 30 November 1994) was a French Marxist theorist, philosopher, filmmaker, critic of work, member of the Letterist International, founder of a Letterist faction, and founding member of the Situationist International. He was also briefly a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie. Guy Debord was born in Paris in 1931. Debord's father, Martial, was a pharmacist who died when Debord was young. Debord's mother, Paulette Rossi, sent Guy to live with his grandmother in her family villa in Italy.&nbsp;
During World War II, the Rossis left the villa and began to travel from town to town. As a result, Debord attended high school in Cannes, where he began his interest in film and vandalism. The family lived in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, for a period where he attended Lycée Louis-Barthou. As a young man, Debord actively opposed the French war in Algeria and joined in demonstrations in Paris against it. Debord studied law at the University of Paris but left early and did not complete his university education. After ending his stint at the University of Paris, he began his career as a writer.
Debord joined the Lettrists when he was 18. The Lettrists were led dictatorially by Isidore Isou until a widely agreed upon schism ended Isou's authority. This schism gave rise to several factions. One of them, the Letterist International, was decidedly led by Debord upon Gil Wolman's unequivocal recommendation. In the 1960s, Debord led the Situationist International group, which influenced the Paris Uprising of 1968, during which he took part in the occupation of the Sorbonne. Some consider his book The Society of the Spectacle (1967) to be a catalyst for the uprising. However, perhaps a more immediately significant text was Mustapha Khayati's "On the Poverty of Student Life," published in November 1966.
In 1957, the Letterist International, the International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus, and the London Psychogeographical Association gathered in Cosio d'Arroscia (Imperia), Italy, to found the Situationist International, with Debord having been the leading representative of the Letterist delegation. Initially made up of a number of well-known artists such as Asger Jorn and Pinot Gallizio, the early days of the SI were heavily focused on the formulation of a critique of art, which would serve as a foundation for the group's future entrance into further political critiques.&nbsp;
The SI was known for a number of its interventions in the art world, which included one raid against an international art conference in Belgium in 1958 that included a large pamphlet drop and significant media coverage, all of which culminated in the arrest of various situationists and sympathizers associated with the scandal. In addition to this action, the SI endeavored to formulate industrial painting, or painting prepared en masse, with the intent of defaming the original value largely associated with the art of the period.&nbsp;
In the course of these actions, Debord was heavily involved in the planning and logistical work associated with preparing these interventions, as well as the work for Internationale Situationniste associated with the theoretical defense of the Situationist International's actions. In the early 1960s, Debord began to direct the SI toward an end of its artistic phase, eventually expelling members such as Jorn, Gallizio, Troche, and Constant—the bulk of the "artistic" wing of the SI—by 1965. Having established the situationist critique of art as a social and political critique, one not to be carried out in traditional artistic activities, the SI began, due in part to Debord's contributions, to pursue a more concise theoretical critique of capitalist society along Marxist lines.
With Debord's 1967 work, The Society of the Spectacle, and excerpts from the group's journal, Internationale Situationniste, the Situationists began to formulate their theory of the spectacle, which explained the nature of late capitalism's historical decay. In Debord's terms, situationists defined the spectacle as an assemblage of social relations transmitted via the imagery of class power. As a period of capitalist development wherein "all that was once lived has moved into representation." With this theory, Debord and the SI would go on to play an influential role in the revolts of May 1968 in France, with many of the protesters drawing their slogans from Situationist tracts penned or influenced by Debord.

Thomas Paine was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary. He authored Common Sense (1776) and The American Crisis (1776–1783), two of the most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution. He helped inspire the Patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain, theretofore an unpopular cause. His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era ideals of transnational human rights.
Born in Thetford, Norfolk, Paine emigrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his 47-page pamphlet Common Sense, proportionally the all-time best-selling American title, which catalyzed the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. The American Crisis was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.
Paine lived in France for most of the 1790s, becoming deeply involved in the French Revolution. While in England, he wrote Rights of Man (1791), partly defending the French Revolution against its critics. His attacks on Anglo-Irish conservative writer Edmund Burke led to a trial and conviction in absentia in England in 1792 for the crime of seditious libel.
The British government of William Pitt the Younger, worried by the possibility that the French Revolution might spread to Britain, had begun suppressing works that espoused radical philosophies. Paine's work, which advocated the right of the people to overthrow their government, was duly targeted, with a writ for his arrest issued in early 1792. Paine fled to France in September, where, despite not being able to speak French, he was quickly elected to the French National Convention. The Girondins regarded him as an ally; consequently, the Montagnards, especially Maximilien Robespierre, regarded him as an enemy.
In December 1793, he was arrested and taken to Luxembourg Prison in Paris. While in prison, he continued to work on The Age of Reason (1793–1794). James Monroe, a future President of the United States, used his diplomatic connections to get Paine released in November 1794. Paine became notorious because of his pamphlets and attacks on his former allies, who he felt had betrayed him.
In The Age of Reason and other writings, he advocated Deism, promoted reason and freethought, and argued against institutionalized religions in general and the Christian doctrine in particular. In 1796, he published a bitter open letter to George Washington, whom he denounced as an incompetent general and a hypocrite. He published the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1797), discussing the origins of property and introducing the concept of a guaranteed minimum income through a one-time inheritance tax on landowners. In 1802, he returned to the U.S. When he died on June 8, 1809, only six people attended his funeral, as he had been ostracized for his ridicule of Christianity and attacks on the nation's leaders.

Thomas

John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas influenced education and social reform. He was one of the most prominent American scholars in the first half of the twentieth century. The overriding theme of Dewey's works was his profound belief in democracy, be it in politics, education, or communication and journalism. As Dewey stated in 1888, while still at the University of Michigan, "Democracy and the one, ultimate, ethical ideal of humanity are, to my mind, synonymous."
Dewey considered two fundamental elements, schools, and civil society, to be major topics needing attention and reconstruction to encourage experimental intelligence and plurality. First, he asserted that complete democracy was to be obtained not just by extending voting rights but also by ensuring a fully formed public opinion, accomplished by communication among citizens, experts, and politicians, with the latter being accountable for the policies they adopt.
Dewey was one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of functional psychology's fathers. His paper "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology," published in 1896, is regarded as the first major work in the (Chicago) functionalist school of psychology. In addition, a Review of General Psychology survey published in 2002 ranked Dewey as the 93rd-most-cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Dewey was also a major educational reformer of the 20th century. A well-known public intellectual, he was a major voice of progressive education and liberalism. While a professor at the University of Chicago, he founded the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, where he could apply and test his progressive ideas on pedagogical methods. Although Dewey is known best for his publications about education, he also wrote about many other topics, including epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, art, logic, social theory, and ethics.
After two years as a high-school teacher in Oil City, Pennsylvania, and one year as an elementary school teacher in the small town of Charlotte, Vermont, Dewey decided that he was unsuited for teaching primary or secondary school. After studying with George Sylvester Morris, Charles Sanders Peirce, Herbert Baxter Adams, and G. Stanley Hall, Dewey received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University School of Arts &amp; Sciences. In 1884, he accepted a faculty position at the University of Michigan (1884–88 and 1889–94) with the help of George Sylvester Morris. His unpublished and now-lost dissertation was titled "The Psychology of Kant."
In 1894 Dewey joined the newly founded University of Chicago (1894–1904), where he developed his belief in Rational Empiricism, becoming associated with the newly emerging Pragmatic philosophy. His time at the University of Chicago resulted in four essays collectively entitled Thought and its Subject-Matter, which were published with collected works from his colleagues at Chicago under the collective title Studies in Logical Theory (1904).
During that time, Dewey also initiated the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, where he actualized the pedagogical beliefs that provided material for his first major work on education, The School and Society (1899). However, disagreements with the administration ultimately caused his resignation from the university, and soon after that, he relocated to the East Coast. In 1899, Dewey was elected president of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.).
From 1904 until his retirement in 1930, he was a professor of philosophy at Teachers College at Columbia University and influenced Carl Rogers. In 1905 he became president of the American Philosophical Association. In addition, he was a longtime member of the American Federation of Teachers. Along with the historians Charles A. Beard and James Harvey Robinson, and the economist Thorstein Veblen, Dewey is one of the founders of The New School.
Dewey published more than 700 articles in 140 journals and approximately 40 books. His most significant writings were "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" (1896), a critique of a standard psychological concept and the basis of all his further work; Democracy and Education (1916), his celebrated work on progressive education; Human Nature and Conduct (1922), a study of the function of habit in human behavior; The Public and its Problems (1927), a defense of democracy written in response to Walter Lippmann's The Phantom Public (1925); Experience and Nature (1925), Dewey's most "metaphysical" statement; Impressions of Soviet Russia and the Revolutionary World (1929), a glowing travelogue from the nascent USSR.

John

Winston Churchill was a British statesman and politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, leading Britain through its darkest hour during World War II.
Churchill was born in 1874 and was educated at Harrow and Sandhurst. He began his career in the British Army and later transitioned into politics, serving as a Member of Parliament for over 60 years. He held several government positions throughout his career, including as the First Lord of the Admiralty, Minister of Munitions, and Secretary of State for War.
During World War II, Churchill served as Prime Minister and played a key role in leading Britain through the war. He made powerful speeches that rallied the nation and inspired the British people to keep fighting, even in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds. His speeches are widely considered to be some of the greatest in history, with phrases such as "Never give in, never give in, never, never, never" and "We shall fight on the beaches" becoming famous.
One of Churchill's greatest achievements as Prime Minister was his strong alliance with US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Together, they led the Allied powers to victory over Nazi Germany.
After World War II, Churchill served as Prime Minister again from 1951 to 1955 but was defeated in the general election. He remained an active Member of Parliament until 1964 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his six-volume memoir of the war. He died in 1965 at the age of 90.
Churchill's legacy continues to this day, with many seeing him as a symbol of leadership, courage, and determination in the face of adversity. He is often ranked as one of the greatest British Prime Ministers, and his speeches are still studied and admired by people all over the world.
Winston Churchill was a prolific writer throughout his life, publishing books on a wide range of subjects. One of his most notable literary achievements is his six-volume memoir, The Second World War, which he wrote during and after the war. The work, which was published between 1948 and 1954, provides a detailed and personal account of the war from Churchill's perspective, including his thoughts and decisions as Prime Minister. The memoirs were international bestsellers and were praised for their historical accuracy and Churchill's literary skill.
In addition to his memoirs, Churchill also wrote several other books throughout his life. Some of his most notable works include:
<ul>
<li>"The World Crisis" (1923-1931): A five-volume work that covers the period of Churchill's life from 1911 to 1928 and includes his thoughts on World War I and its aftermath.</li>
<li>"My Early Life" (1930): An autobiographical work that covers Churchill's childhood and early career.</li>
<li>"A History of the English-Speaking Peoples" (1956-1958): A four-volume work that covers the history of the English-speaking peoples from the Anglo-Saxon period to the end of the 19th century.</li>
<li>"Painting as a Pastime" (1948): A book in which Churchill reflects on his hobby of painting and its therapeutic effects.</li>
</ul>
Churchill's books have been widely read and praised for their historical accuracy and literary merit. They provide valuable insights into the mind of one of the most important figures of the 20th century and continue to be studied and admired today.

Winston

Jocko Willink is an American retired Navy Seal officer, author, podcaster, and public speaker. He is best known for his involvement in the Battle of Ramadi, his success in the Navy SEALs, and his leadership philosophy, which is based on discipline, hard work, and respect for others.
Willink was born in Easton, Pennsylvania, on September 8, 1971. He joined the Navy in 1990 and, after graduating from Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) training, was assigned to SEAL Team 3. During his service in the Navy, Willink completed multiple deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan and was eventually assigned to Task Unit Bruiser, the most decorated special operations unit of the Iraq War. During the Battle of Ramadi, Willink and his team helped to clear the city of insurgent forces, and their exemplary performance earned them the Navy Cross.
Willink retired from the Navy in 2010 and soon after began to share his leadership philosophy. He has authored several books, including Extreme Ownership, Leadership Strategy and Tactics, and Way of the Warrior Kid, as well as co-hosting the popular podcast Jocko Podcast.
Willink is also a respected public speaker, giving talks all over the world on topics such as leadership, discipline, and team building. He is a sought-after keynote speaker for both corporate and military events.
Willink is an advocate for physical and mental fitness, often speaking about the importance of proper nutrition and exercise. He also encourages people to push themselves and strive to become the best versions of themselves.
Willink is a highly respected figure in the military and business worlds, and his words have been an inspiration to many. His leadership philosophy is one that emphasizes discipline, hard work, and respect for others, and these values are ones that have served him well throughout his career.

Jocko

Lecturer of philosophy at Columbia University, specializing in the philosophy of biology and the social sciences. After graduating from Wesleyan University, he taught English at Qinghua University in Beijing. He then did various jobs in Asia and worked for W. I. Carr as an equity analyst in Hong Kong, China, and Indonesia.&nbsp;
He returned to the United States to study at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs. In 1993, he helped start Firebird Fund Management, which launched one of the first successful Russian funds. In 1998 he returned to Columbia to study philosophy and biology. He is currently a partner at Euphrates Asset Management, a company that manages a fund that invests in Iraq.&nbsp;
With honors, Cloud finished a Ph.D. in philosophy in 2006 and subsequently spent some time at the Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics in Calgary. In 2008 he became a Junior Fellow at Princeton University, and in 2011 he was hired by the school's philosophy department. He worked for Princeton's University Center for Human Values and Humanities Council.

Daniel

Carl von Clausewitz (1780 - 1831) was a Prussian professional soldier, who achieved fame as a military theorist. His classic work, 'On War,' has become one of the most influential books on the philosophy of warfare.
Carl von Clausewitz was born on 1st June 1780 in Burg bei Magdeburg, Prussia, the fourth and youngest son of a lower-middle-class family. His grandfather, the son of a Lutheran pastor, had been a professor of theology. Clausewitz’s father was once a lieutenant in the Prussian army and held a minor post in the Prussian internal revenue service.
Clausewitz entered the Prussian military service at the age of twelve as a Lance-Corporal, eventually attaining the rank of Major-General. Clausewitz served in the Rhine Campaigns (1793–1794) when the Prussian army invaded France during the French Revolution, and later served in the Napoleonic Wars from 1806 to 1815.

Carl

Arianna Huffington is a Greek-American author, syndicated columnist, and businesswoman. She was born Arianna Stassinopoulos on July 15, 1950, in Athens, Greece. She moved to the United Kingdom with her family when she was 16 and later studied economics at Girton College, Cambridge.
After graduating, Huffington began her career as a writer and commentator and was a prominent conservative commentator in the UK during the 1970s and 1980s. She later moved to the United States, where she continued her career as a political commentator and became a naturalized citizen in 1990.
In 2005, Huffington co-founded The Huffington Post, a news and opinion website, with Kenneth Lerer and Jonah Peretti. AOL acquired the site in 2011 for $315 million. She served as the site's editor-in-chief from 2005 to 2016.
Huffington is also a prolific author and has written several books, including "The Sleep Revolution," "Thrive," and "The Fourth Instinct: The Call of the Soul." She is also a public speaker and has delivered speeches on various topics, including well-being, media, and politics.
In 2016, Huffington resigned as editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post to focus on her health and wellness startup, Thrive Global, which focuses on reducing workplace stress and burnout. She is still the CEO of Thrive Global.
AOL acquired the Huffington Post in 2011 for $315 million. In 2016, she stepped down as editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post to focus on her new startup, Thrive Global, which aims to end the "epidemic of stress and burnout" by offering corporate wellness programs and products. Huffington is also an author, having written 14 books, including the best-seller "Thrive: The Third Metric to Redefining Success and Creating a Life of Well-Being, Wisdom, and Wonder."

Arianna

Alexis-Charles-Henri Clérel de Tocqueville was a French political thinker and historian best known for his works Democracy in America (appearing in two volumes: 1835 and 1840) and The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856). In both of these, he analyzed the improved living standards and social conditions of individuals, as well as their relationship to the market and state in Western societies. Democracy in America was published after Tocqueville's travels in the United States and is today considered an early work of sociology and political science.
Tocqueville was active in French politics, first under the July Monarchy (1830–48) and then during the Second Republic (1849–51), which succeeded the February 1848 Revolution. He retired from political life after Louis Napoléon Bonaparte's 2 December 1851 coup and thereafter began work on The Old Regime and the Revolution.
He argued that the importance of the French Revolution was to continue the process of modernizing and centralizing the French state, which had begun under King Louis XIV. The failure of the Revolution came from the inexperience of the deputies, who were too wedded to abstract Enlightenment ideals. Tocqueville was a classical liberal who advocated parliamentary government but was skeptical of the extremes of democracy.

Alexis

Nassim Nicholas Taleb is a Lebanese-American essayist, scholar, statistician, and former trader and risk analyst whose work focuses on problems of randomness, probability, and uncertainty. He is the author of several books, including "The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable," which was published in 2007 and became a bestseller.
Taleb is a former trader and risk analyst and has worked as a professor of risk engineering at New York University's Tandon School of Engineering. He has a background in mathematics, statistics, and computer science and has published numerous papers in academic journals on topics related to randomness and uncertainty.
Taleb's main area of research is the study of "black swans," which he defines as rare events that have a large impact and are typically not predictable. He argues that traditional risk assessment methods, such as using historical data to predict future events, are inadequate because they fail to consider the possibility of black swan events.
Taleb is also known for his criticism of the concept of "normalcy" in statistics and his skepticism of the use of mathematical models in finance and economics. He has argued that the assumptions made in these models are often unrealistic and can lead to dangerous oversimplifications.
In addition to his work in academia, Taleb is also a public intellectual and has written several books for a general audience. His books have been widely discussed and debated in the media and have been translated into multiple languages.
Taleb is a strong advocate for antifragility, a concept he has developed and popularized in his books. Antifragility is the property of a system or entity that improves when subjected to volatility, shocks, stressors, or disorder and doesn't just remain indifferent to them.
Taleb's writing style is often characterized as provocative and contrarian, and he is known for his strong opinions on a wide range of topics. His work has been influential in the fields of economics, finance, and risk management and has also been discussed in the broader cultural and intellectual conversation.

Nassim Nicholas

Chris Anderson is the Head of TED, a non-profit organization devoted to spreading ideas through short, powerful talks. He is also the founder of TEDx, a program that allows communities and organizations to host TED-like events.
Anderson has been involved with TED since 2001 and took over as Head of TED in 2002. Under his leadership, TED has grown into a global phenomenon, with talks being viewed by millions of people in more than 100 languages. He has also been instrumental in expanding the reach of TED by making the words available for free online and by launching the TEDx program.
In addition to his work with TED, Anderson is also an entrepreneur and author. He is the founder of several successful companies. In addition, he has written several books, including "The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More" and "TED Talks: The Official TED Guide to Public Speaking."
Anderson is a firm believer in the power of ideas to change the world, and he has dedicated his career to promoting this idea through TED. He is a charismatic and dynamic speaker and has been praised for his ability to bring together diverse groups of people to share their thoughts and inspire change.
Anderson is also known for his innovative approach to curation, which has helped to make TED one of the most respected and widely-watched platforms for ideas. He has a keen eye for identifying new and emerging trends and is always looking for ways to bring fresh perspectives and voices to the TED stage.
He has also been a champion of using technology to democratize knowledge and ideas, making them more accessible to people worldwide. In addition, he has been an early adopter of new technologies, such as online video and social media, to help spread TED's message and reach new audiences.
Various organizations and publications have also recognized Anderson's work with TED. He has been honored with numerous awards for his contributions to the field of communications and education and has been named one of the most influential people in the world by Time Magazine.
In addition to his role at TED, Anderson is a sought-after speaker and advisor and has been invited to speak at conferences and events worldwide. In addition, he is a regular contributor to various publications, where he shares his insights on the future of technology, business, and culture.
Overall, Chris Anderson is a respected leader and a thought leader in the field of ideas and education, and he continues to inspire and innovate in his role as Head of TED. His work has helped make TED one of the most critical and influential platforms for sharing knowledge and ideas, and his contributions to the field will continue to be felt for years.

Chris

William Deresiewicz is an award-winning essayist and critic, a frequent speaker at colleges, high schools, and other venues, and the best-selling author of Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite and the Way to a Meaningful Life. His new book is The End of Solitude: Selected Essays on Culture and Society.
Bill has published over 300 essays and reviews. He has won the Hiett Prize in the Humanities, the National Book Critics Circle’s Balakian Citation for Excellence in Reviewing, and a Sydney Award; he is also a three-time National Magazine Award nominee. His work, which has appeared in The New York Times, The Atlantic, Harper’s, and many other publications, has been translated into 18 languages and anthologized by 39 college and scholastic readers.
Bill taught English at Yale and Columbia before becoming a full-time writer. He has spoken at over 160 educational and other venues and has appeared on The Colbert Report, Here &amp; Now, The New Yorker Radio Hour, and many other outlets. He has held visiting positions at Bard, Scripps, and Claremont McKenna Colleges, as well as at the University of San Diego. His previous books are The Death of the Artist, A Jane Austen Education, and Jane Austen and the Romantic Poets.
Bill is a member of the Board of Directors of Tivnu: Building Justice, a Jewish social-justice gap year in Portland, Oregon, and of the Advisory Council of Project Wayfinder, which runs purpose-learning programs in schools across the United States and beyond.

William

Ryan Holiday is an American author, marketer, media strategist, and entrepreneur. He is the author of several bestselling books, including his most recent, Perennial Seller, as well as popular titles such as The Obstacle Is the Way, Ego Is the Enemy, Conspiracy, and Growth Hacker Marketing. Holiday has written for the New York Times, Forbes, the Wall Street Journal, and other publications. He has also been featured in Time, The New Yorker, and The Washington Post.
Holiday is the founder of Brass Check, a creative consulting agency that specializes in marketing, media strategy, and creative consulting. He has worked with some of the world’s most successful authors, entrepreneurs, and public figures, including Tony Robbins, Tim Ferriss, Robert Greene, and Tucker Max. His clients also include media companies such as VICE, MTV, and Complex. He has also served as a consultant to brands such as American Apparel, Google, and Gillette.
As an author, Holiday has written nine books, three of which have become New York Times bestsellers. His books focus on topics such as personal and professional development, marketing, and media strategy. His most recent book, Perennial Seller, is a guide to creating and sustaining success in business, publishing, and life.
As a media strategist and consultant, Holiday has helped launch and reinvigorate several brands and campaigns. His work spans from creating marketing campaigns for startups and Fortune 500 companies to working as a creative consultant for media companies and major brands.
Holiday's work has been featured in major publications, including the New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Fast Company, and The Washington Post. He has also appeared on television shows such as the Colbert Report, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, The Today Show, and podcasts such as the Tim Ferriss Show and the Joe Rogan Experience.&nbsp;
In addition to his work as an author, media strategist, and consultant, Holiday is a frequent public speaker. He has been a keynote speaker at events such as SXSW, the World Business Forum, and the Inc. 5000 Conference. He also teaches marketing and media strategy classes at the University of California, Berkeley.
Holiday is passionate about helping others achieve their goals and dreams. He has created several online courses and resources to help entrepreneurs, creatives, and marketers better understand the media landscape, marketing, and creative strategies. He also serves as the Managing Director of the media startup, Contently and is an adviser to several startups and companies. He is also a mentor to many aspiring entrepreneurs and creators.

Ryan

Ryan Peterson is the founder and current CEO of Flexport.

Sam Harris is an American neuroscientist, philosopher, and author. He is the founder and CEO of Project Reason, a non-profit organization that promotes science and secularism. Harris is known for his critiques of religious faith and his promotion of scientific rationality and secular humanism. He has written several books, including "The End of Faith," "Letter to a Christian Nation," "The Moral Landscape," "Free Will," and "Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion." Harris is also a frequent speaker and commentator on neuroscience, philosophy, and religion issues.
Sam Harris hosts a podcast called "Making Sense," produced by his non-profit organization, Project Reason. The podcast features Harris having in-depth conversations with various guests, including scientists, scholars, authors, and other public figures. Topics of discussion on the podcast include science, philosophy, politics, and current events. The podcast is released weekly, and episodes can be found on various platforms such as iTunes, Spotify, and YouTube. The podcast has been running since 2013 and has been well-received by listeners for its in-depth and thought-provoking conversations.
Harris has written extensively on neuroscience and its implications for understanding the nature of consciousness, free will, and morality. In addition, he is known for his work on the neural basis of belief and emotion and his critiques of traditional religious and spiritual beliefs.
Project Reason is a non-profit organization that promotes scientific understanding and critical thinking on issues related to religion, morality, and politics. It provides a forum for open and rational discussion of these topics and works to combat the influence of dogmatism and superstition in public life. Some of the activities of Project Reason include public lectures, debates, discussions with experts in various fields, and the production of multimedia content such as podcasts, videos, and articles. Harris' organization also provides educational resources and materials for educators and students.

Although the 1999 edition of A Theory of Justice is widely considered the definitive statement of Rawls's vision, the first edition was noteworthy in its own right.  The reissue of this early work makes it available to philosophical scholars once again. 

Ann Miura-Ko is a venture capitalist and co-founder of Floodgate, a venture capital firm focusing on early-stage startups. She is also a lecturer at Stanford University, where she teaches technology entrepreneurship courses. Miura-Ko has invested in companies such as Luxe, ModCloth, and TaskRabbit.
Floodgate was founded in 2008 and is based in Menlo Park, California. Floodgate has invested in various companies across different industries, including technology, consumer products, and healthcare. Some of the companies that Floodgate has invested in include Luxe, ModCloth, and TaskRabbit. The firm is known for its hands-on approach to investing, focusing on mentoring and supporting the entrepreneurs it works with.
Floodgate is known for its notable exits and high return on investments. Before starting Floodgate, she worked as a consultant at McKinsey &amp; Company and as an analyst at Charles River Ventures.
She is known for being one of the most influential venture capital and technology women. Forbes has recognized her as one of the top female venture capitalists in the industry. Ann Miura-Ko is also known as a "venture capitalist whisperer" because of her ability to spot and mentor young entrepreneurs. She also has been featured on several other Forbes lists, such as Forbes America's Richest Self-Made Women and Forbes Most Powerful Women.

Martha Nussbaum

Amartya Sen

Thomas Pogge

Charles Taylor

Robert Nozick

In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls introduces the concept of the 'Original Position'. This is a hypothetical situation where people decide on the principles of justice. They do this behind a 'veil of ignorance', meaning they don't know their own social status, talents, or personal characteristics. This way, they can't be biased in their decisions. It's a fascinating concept to explore, and it might change the way you think about fairness and justice.

The Original Position

Rawls presents two principles of justice in his book. The first one is the principle of equal basic liberties, which means everyone should have the same basic rights. The second one is the difference principle, which allows social and economic inequalities only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society. Check out the book to see how these principles could be applied in real life.

Two Principles of Justice

Rawls argues that justice should be seen as fairness. He believes that a just society is one where the rules are fair to everyone, not just the privileged few. This is a powerful idea that could inspire you to look at your own community and see if it meets this standard of justice.

Justice as Fairness

One of the most intriguing concepts in A Theory of Justice is the 'veil of ignorance'. Rawls suggests that if we want to create a fair society, we should imagine ourselves in this veil, unaware of our own advantages or disadvantages. This way, we would design a society that is fair to everyone, not just those who are already privileged. It's a thought-provoking idea that you might want to dig into.

The Veil of Ignorance

Rawls emphasizes the importance of social cooperation in achieving justice. He argues that a just society is one where everyone works together for the common good. This idea could inspire you to find ways to promote cooperation in your own community. So, take a look at A Theory of Justice to see how you can contribute to a more just society.

The Importance of Social Cooperation

A Theory of Justice

John Bordley Rawls was an American philosopher and leading moral and political philosophy figure. He held the James Bryant Conant University Professorship at Harvard.
&nbsp;His magnum opus, A Theory of Justice (1971) is now regarded as "one of the primary texts in political philosophy." His work in political philosophy, dubbed Rawlsianism, takes as its starting point the argument that "most reasonable principles of justice are those everyone would accept and agree to from a fair position."&nbsp;
Rawls employs several thought experiments—including the famous veil of ignorance—to determine what constitutes a fair agreement in which "everyone is impartially situated as equals" to determine principles of social justice.&nbsp;
Rawls received both the Schock Prize for Logic and Philosophy and the National Humanities Medal in 1999, the latter presented by President Bill Clinton in recognition of how Rawls's thought "helped a whole generation of learned Americans revive their faith in democracy itself."

This book was originally a set of lectures for a political philosophy class by the man who also wrote A Theory of Justice and Political Liberalism. In time, these lectures became a restatement of his Theory of Justice As Fairness theory, revised in light of his more recent papers and treatise about political liberalism.&nbsp;
The restatement presents in one place an account of justice as fairness as Rawls now sees it, drawing on all his previous works. This book offers a broad overview of his main lines of thought and also explores specific issues never before addressed in any of his writings.

Patrick Collison is an Irish entrepreneur, programmer, and philanthropist who co-founded Stripe's financial technology company with his brother John. He currently serves as the company's CEO.
Born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1988, Patrick Collison was a precocious child who began coding at the age of 10. He was accepted to MIT at age 16, where he studied theoretical physics. While a student at MIT, he and his brother John founded their first company, Shuppa, a web development agency. After graduating from MIT in 2009, he and John decided to focus on the payments industry and founded Stripe in 2010.
At Stripe, Patrick is responsible for setting the company's vision, developing strategy, and overseeing the day-to-day operations. Stripe has emerged as one of the world's largest and most successful financial technology companies and is now valued at over $35 billion.
Patrick is also an active philanthropist. He is a board member at the charity DonorsChoose.org, which helps public school teachers fund projects in their classrooms. He is also a trustee of the Thiel Foundation, which provides grants to young entrepreneurs. He has also donated to the SENS Research Foundation, which is dedicated to finding treatments for age-related diseases.
In addition to his business and philanthropy, Patrick is an avid reader and a prolific writer. He has published articles on topics ranging from the future of the internet to the power of technology to improve our lives. He also writes regularly on Medium and his personal website.
Patrick Collison is an inspiring figure in the tech industry, and his work has made a lasting impact on innovation and entrepreneurship.
In addition to his work as an entrepreneur and philanthropist, Patrick is also an avid public speaker. He has spoken at a variety of events and conferences, including the 2019 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the 2019 TechCrunch Disrupt in San Francisco, and the 2018 Web Summit in Lisbon, Portugal. He has also appeared on the podcast The Tim Ferriss Show and the TV show The Big Bang Theory.
Patrick is also a passionate advocate for open-source software. He is a strong proponent of the open-source movement, which encourages the sharing and improvement of code among developers. He has provided financial support to a number of open-source projects, including the JavaScript programming language.
Patrick is also a vocal champion of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. He is an investor in several cryptocurrency projects, including Ethereum and Zcash, and he is a frequent speaker on the topic. He has also written a number of articles on the potential of blockchain technology and its applications in the financial sector.

Patrick

Michael Sandel

In 'Justice as Fairness', John Rawls explores the two principles of justice. The first one is about everyone having the same basic rights, and the second one is about social and economic inequalities. Rawls believes that these inequalities should be arranged to benefit the least advantaged and should be attached to positions open to all. It's a great book to dig into if you're interested in social justice.

Understanding the Principles of Justice

Rawls introduces the concept of the 'original position' and the 'veil of ignorance'. He suggests that if people didn't know their social status, they would create a fair society. It's a fascinating thought experiment that encourages us to look at society from a different perspective.

The Original Position and Veil of Ignorance

Rawls emphasizes the importance of fair equality of opportunity. He argues that everyone should have an equal chance to qualify for the more privileged positions in society's institutions. This book will make you see the importance of creating equal opportunities for everyone.

The Importance of Fair Equality of Opportunity

One of the key takeaways from 'Justice as Fairness' is the difference principle. Rawls argues that social and economic inequalities should be arranged so they are to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged. It's a unique perspective that will make you rethink how society should be structured.

The Difference Principle

Rawls sees justice as the fundamental virtue of social institutions. He believes that a just society is one where the distribution of wealth and income, and the design of organizations, are fair. If you're interested in exploring the role of justice in society, this book is a must-read.

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