Malcolm Gladwell has been a staff writer at The New Yorker since 1996. He is the author of The Tipping Point, Blink, Outliers, and What the Dog Saw. Prior to joining The New Yorker, he was a reporter at the Washington Post. Gladwell was born in England and grew up in rural Ontario. He now lives in New York.

Malcolm

Adam Grant is an American psychologist and author widely known for his work on the science of giving, creativity, and organizational psychology. He is the top-rated professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and a former professor at the University of Michigan. His first book, Give and Take: A Revolutionary Approach to Success, was a New York Times bestseller.
Grant is a leading authority on the science of giving, creativity, and organizational psychology. He has written or co-written six books, including Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World and Option B: Facing Adversity, Building Resilience, and Finding Joy. He has also written for The New York Times, The Atlantic Monthly, Harvard Business Review, and other publications.
Grant's research focuses on how giving, taking, and exchanging advice affects an individual’s success. He has studied how to maximize the benefits of giving, how to encourage more successful collaborations, and how to foster an environment of innovation and creativity. He has also explored how to assess and develop leadership potential within organizations and how to build workplace cultures where employees are empowered to do their best work.
Grant has received numerous awards and honors, including being named one of the world's 40 most influential management thinkers by Thinkers50 in 2015, one of the world's 50 most influential management thinkers by Thinkers50 in 2018, and one of the world's most influential management gurus by The Observer in 2018. He is a recipient of the Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Mentoring and was named the Most Influential Thinker of the Decade by Poets &amp; Quants in 2020.
In addition to his academic and writing career, Grant is a frequent speaker for organizations, universities, and conferences around the world. He has presented to audiences of thousands at TEDx events, and he has been featured on television and radio programs such as The Oprah Winfrey Show, 60 Minutes, and NPR’s Fresh Air. He has also served as a visiting professor at Stanford, Cornell, and INSEAD, and he is currently a visiting professor at the London School of Economics.

Adam

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (in French, L'Organisation des Nations unies pour l’éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. Its stated purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture, in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights including the fundamental freedoms, proclaimed in the UN Charter.&nbsp;
Projects sponsored by UNESCO include literacy, technical, and teacher-training programs; international science programs; the promotion of independent media and freedom of the press; regional and cultural history projects; the promotion of cultural diversity international cooperation agreements to secure the world cultural and natural heritage (World Heritage Sites) and to preserve human rights, as well as attempts to bridge the worldwide digital divide.

UNESCO

Svetlana Alexandrovna Alexievich is a Belarusian investigative journalist, essayist, and oral historian who writes in Russian. She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature "for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time." She is the first writer from Belarus to receive the award. Born in the west Ukrainian town of Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk since 1962) to a Belarusian father and a Ukrainian mother, Svetlana Alexievich grew up in Belarus.&nbsp;
After graduating from high school, she worked as a reporter in several local newspapers. In 1972 she graduated from Belarusian State University and became a correspondent for the literary magazine Nyoman in Minsk (1976). Alexievich was an artist in residence at Bavarian Villa Waldberta in the 1990s. In a 2015 interview, she mentioned early influences: "I explored the world through people like Hanna Krall and Ryszard Kapuściński."&nbsp;
During her career in journalism, Alexievich specialized in crafting narratives based on witness testimonies. In the process, she wrote artfully constructed oral histories of several dramatic events in Soviet history: the Second World War, the Afghan War, the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the Chornobyl disaster. In 1989 Alexievich's book Zinky Boys, about the fallen soldiers who had returned in zinc coffins from the Soviet-Afghan War of 1979 – 1985, was the subject of controversy, and she was accused of "defamation" and "desecration of the soldiers' honor."&nbsp;
Alexievich was tried a number of times between 1992 and 1996. After political persecution by the Lukashenko administration, she left Belarus in 2000. The International Cities of Refuge Network offered her sanctuary, and during the following decade, she lived in Paris, Gothenburg, and Berlin. In 2011, Alexievich moved back to Minsk.
Alexievich's books trace the emotional history of the Soviet and post-Soviet individuals through carefully constructed collages of interviews. According to Russian writer and critic Dmitry Bykov, her books owe much to the ideas of Belarusian writer Ales Adamovich, who felt that the best way to describe the horrors of the 20th century was not by creating fiction but by recording the testimonies of witnesses.&nbsp;
Belarusian poet Uladzimir Nyaklyayew called Adamovich "her literary godfather." He also named the documentary novel I'm From Fire Village by Ales Adamovich, Janka Bryl, and Uladzimir Kalesnik, about the villages burned by the German troops during the occupation of Belarus, as the main single book that has influenced Alexievich's attitude to literature. Alexievich has confirmed the influence of Adamovich and Belarusian writer Vasil Bykaŭ, among others. She regards Varlam Shalamov as the best writer of the 20th century.

Svetlana

John Steele Gordon was born in New York City in 1944 into a family long associated with the city and its financial community. Both his grandfathers held seats on the New York Stock Exchange. He was educated at Millbrook School and Vanderbilt University, graduating with a B.A. in history in 1966.
After college, he worked as a production editor for Harper &amp; Row (now HarperCollins) for six years before leaving to travel, driving a Land-Rover from New York to Tierra del Fuego, a nine-month journey of 39,000 miles. This resulted in his first book, Overlanding. Altogether he has driven through forty-seven countries on five continents.
After returning to New York, he served on the staff of Congressmen Herman Badillo and Robert Garcia. He has been a full-time writer for the last twenty years. His second book, The Scarlet Woman of Wall Street, a history of Wall Street in the 1860s, was published in 1988. His third book, Hamilton's Blessing: The Extraordinary Life and Times of Our National Debt, was published in 1997. The Great Game: The Emergence of Wall Street as a World Power, 1653-2000, was published by Scribner, a Simon and Schuster imprint, in November 1999. A two-hour special based on The Great Game aired on CNBC on April 24th, 2000. His latest book, a collection of his columns from American Heritage magazine, entitled The Business of America, was published in July 2001 by Walker. His history of the laying of the Atlantic Cable, A Thread Across the Ocean, was published in June 2002. His next book, to be published by HarperCollins, is a history of the American economy.
He specializes in business and financial history. He has had articles published in, among others, Forbes, Forbes ASAP, Worth, the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal Op-Ed pages, the Washington Post's Book World, and Outlook. He is a contributing editor at American Heritage, where he has written the "Business of America" column since 1989. In 1991 he traveled to Europe, Africa, North and South America, and Japan with the photographer Bruce Davidson for Schlumberger, Ltd. to create a photo essay called "Schlumberger People" for the company's annual report.
In 1992 he was the co-writer, with Timothy C. Forbes and Steve Forbes, of Happily Ever After? a video produced by Forbes in honor of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the magazine. He is a frequent commentator on Marketplace, the daily Public Radio business-news program heard on more than two hundred stations throughout the country. He has appeared on numerous other radio and television shows, including New York: A Documentary Film by Ric Burns, Business Center and Squawk Box on CNBC, and The News Hour with Jim Lehrer on PBS. He was a guest in 2001 on a live, two-hour edition of Booknotes with Brian Lamb on C-SPAN.

John

Timothy Fridtjof Flannery is an Australian mammalogist, paleontologist, environmentalist, conservationist, explorer, author, science communicator, activist, and public scientist. He was awarded Australian of the Year in 2007 for his work and advocacy on environmental issues.
Flannery grew up in Sandringham and studied English at La Trobe University in 1977. He then switched disciplines to pursue paleontology. As a researcher, Flannery had roles at several universities and museums in Australia, specializing in fossil marsupials and mammal evolution.
He made notable contributions to the paleontology of Australia and New Guinea during the 1980s, including reviewing the evolution and fossil records of Phalangeridae and Macropodidae. In addition, while a mammal curator at the Australian Museum, he surveyed Melanesia's mammals, where he identified 17 previously undescribed species, including several tree kangaroos.
In 1994, Flannery published his first popular science book, The Future Eaters, on the natural history of Australasia. It became a bestseller and was adapted for television. He has since written more than 27 books on natural history and environmental topics, including Throwim Way Leg and Chasing Kangaroos, and has appeared on television and in the media.
After becoming increasingly concerned about climate change, Flannery later became prominent for his role in communication, research, and advocacy around the issue, particularly in his native Australia. He spent five years writing The Weather Makers (2005) on the topic. In 2011, he was appointed the Chief Commissioner of the Climate Commission, a federal government body providing information on climate change to the Australian public, until its abolition by the Abbott government in 2013.
Flannery and other sacked commissioners later formed the independent Climate Council, which continues to communicate independent climate science to the Australian public.
Flannery's work in raising the profile of environmental issues was key to his being named Australian of the Year in 2007. Awarding the prize, former Prime Minister John Howard said that the scientist "has encouraged Australians into new ways of thinking about our environmental history and future ecological challenges." That said, Howard—a climate skeptic at the time—was unconvinced about some of Flannery's views.

Arianna Huffington is a Greek-American author, syndicated columnist, and businesswoman. She was born Arianna Stassinopoulos on July 15, 1950, in Athens, Greece. She moved to the United Kingdom with her family when she was 16 and later studied economics at Girton College, Cambridge.
After graduating, Huffington began her career as a writer and commentator and was a prominent conservative commentator in the UK during the 1970s and 1980s. She later moved to the United States, where she continued her career as a political commentator and became a naturalized citizen in 1990.
In 2005, Huffington co-founded The Huffington Post, a news and opinion website, with Kenneth Lerer and Jonah Peretti. AOL acquired the site in 2011 for $315 million. She served as the site's editor-in-chief from 2005 to 2016.
Huffington is also a prolific author and has written several books, including "The Sleep Revolution," "Thrive," and "The Fourth Instinct: The Call of the Soul." She is also a public speaker and has delivered speeches on various topics, including well-being, media, and politics.
In 2016, Huffington resigned as editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post to focus on her health and wellness startup, Thrive Global, which focuses on reducing workplace stress and burnout. She is still the CEO of Thrive Global.
AOL acquired the Huffington Post in 2011 for $315 million. In 2016, she stepped down as editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post to focus on her new startup, Thrive Global, which aims to end the "epidemic of stress and burnout" by offering corporate wellness programs and products. Huffington is also an author, having written 14 books, including the best-seller "Thrive: The Third Metric to Redefining Success and Creating a Life of Well-Being, Wisdom, and Wonder."

Arianna

Sonia Shah is a science journalist and prize-winning author. Her writing on science, politics and human rights has appeared in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, Foreign Affairs, Scientific American, and elsewhere.&nbsp;
Her work has been featured on RadioLab, Fresh Air, and TED, where her talk, “Three Reasons We Still Haven’t Gotten Rid of Malaria,” has been viewed by over 1,000,000 people around the world. Her 2010 book, The Fever, which was called a “tour-de-force history of malaria” (New York Times), “rollicking” (Time), and “brilliant” (Wall Street Journal), was long-listed for the Royal Society’s Winton Prize.&nbsp;
Her new book, Pandemic: Tracking Contagions from Cholera to Ebola and Beyond, was forthcoming from Sarah Crichton Books/Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux in February 2016.

Sonia

Graham Tillett Allison Jr. (born March 23, 1940) is an American political scientist and the Douglas Dillon Professor of Government at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He is renowned for his contribution in the late 1960s and early 1970s to the bureaucratic analysis of decision-making, especially during times of crisis. His book Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection, co-written with Peter Szanton, was published in 1976 and had some influence on the foreign policy of the administration of President Jimmy Carter, who took office in early 1977.&nbsp;
Since the 1970s, Allison has also been a leading analyst of U.S. national security and defense policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons and terrorism. Allison is from Charlotte, North Carolina, and graduated from Myers Park High School in 1958. He attended Davidson College for two years, then graduated from Harvard University in 1962 with a B.A. degree. Allison then completed B.A. and M.A. degrees studying philosophy, politics, and economics at Oxford University as a Marshall Scholar in 1964.&nbsp;
She returned to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. degree in political science in 1968, where Henry Kissinger was one of his professors. In 1979 Allison received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Social Sciences at Uppsala University, Sweden. Allison has spent his entire academic career at Harvard as an assistant professor (1968), associate professor (1970), then full professor (1972) in the department of government.&nbsp;
He was dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government from 1977 to 1989, while the School increased in size by 400% and its endowment increased by 700%. He was director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs from 1995 until 2017, when former Secretary of Defense Ash Carter succeeded him. Allison remains Douglas Dillon's Professor of Government.
Allison has also been a fellow of the Center for Advanced Studies (1973–74); consultant for the RAND Corporation; member of the Council on Foreign Relations; member of the visiting committee on foreign policy studies at the Brookings Institution (1972–77); and a member of the Trilateral Commission (1974–84 and 2018). He was among those mentioned to succeed David Rockefeller as President of the Council on Foreign Relations.&nbsp;
In 2009 he was awarded the NAS Award for Behavior Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War from the National Academy of Sciences. Allison has also been a member of the Board of Trustees for the lobbying group USACC (United States-Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce). Allison is a Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

Graham

Nassim Nicholas Taleb is a Lebanese-American essayist, scholar, statistician, and former trader and risk analyst whose work focuses on problems of randomness, probability, and uncertainty. He is the author of several books, including "The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable," which was published in 2007 and became a bestseller.
Taleb is a former trader and risk analyst and has worked as a professor of risk engineering at New York University's Tandon School of Engineering. He has a background in mathematics, statistics, and computer science and has published numerous papers in academic journals on topics related to randomness and uncertainty.
Taleb's main area of research is the study of "black swans," which he defines as rare events that have a large impact and are typically not predictable. He argues that traditional risk assessment methods, such as using historical data to predict future events, are inadequate because they fail to consider the possibility of black swan events.
Taleb is also known for his criticism of the concept of "normalcy" in statistics and his skepticism of the use of mathematical models in finance and economics. He has argued that the assumptions made in these models are often unrealistic and can lead to dangerous oversimplifications.
In addition to his work in academia, Taleb is also a public intellectual and has written several books for a general audience. His books have been widely discussed and debated in the media and have been translated into multiple languages.
Taleb is a strong advocate for antifragility, a concept he has developed and popularized in his books. Antifragility is the property of a system or entity that improves when subjected to volatility, shocks, stressors, or disorder and doesn't just remain indifferent to them.
Taleb's writing style is often characterized as provocative and contrarian, and he is known for his strong opinions on a wide range of topics. His work has been influential in the fields of economics, finance, and risk management and has also been discussed in the broader cultural and intellectual conversation.

Nassim Nicholas

Chris Anderson is the Head of TED, a non-profit organization devoted to spreading ideas through short, powerful talks. He is also the founder of TEDx, a program that allows communities and organizations to host TED-like events.
Anderson has been involved with TED since 2001 and took over as Head of TED in 2002. Under his leadership, TED has grown into a global phenomenon, with talks being viewed by millions of people in more than 100 languages. He has also been instrumental in expanding the reach of TED by making the words available for free online and by launching the TEDx program.
In addition to his work with TED, Anderson is also an entrepreneur and author. He is the founder of several successful companies. In addition, he has written several books, including "The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More" and "TED Talks: The Official TED Guide to Public Speaking."
Anderson is a firm believer in the power of ideas to change the world, and he has dedicated his career to promoting this idea through TED. He is a charismatic and dynamic speaker and has been praised for his ability to bring together diverse groups of people to share their thoughts and inspire change.
Anderson is also known for his innovative approach to curation, which has helped to make TED one of the most respected and widely-watched platforms for ideas. He has a keen eye for identifying new and emerging trends and is always looking for ways to bring fresh perspectives and voices to the TED stage.
He has also been a champion of using technology to democratize knowledge and ideas, making them more accessible to people worldwide. In addition, he has been an early adopter of new technologies, such as online video and social media, to help spread TED's message and reach new audiences.
Various organizations and publications have also recognized Anderson's work with TED. He has been honored with numerous awards for his contributions to the field of communications and education and has been named one of the most influential people in the world by Time Magazine.
In addition to his role at TED, Anderson is a sought-after speaker and advisor and has been invited to speak at conferences and events worldwide. In addition, he is a regular contributor to various publications, where he shares his insights on the future of technology, business, and culture.
Overall, Chris Anderson is a respected leader and a thought leader in the field of ideas and education, and he continues to inspire and innovate in his role as Head of TED. His work has helped make TED one of the most critical and influential platforms for sharing knowledge and ideas, and his contributions to the field will continue to be felt for years.

Chris

Jared Diamond, Professor of Geography at the University of California, Los Angeles. He began his scientific career in physiology and expanded into evolutionary biology and biogeography. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical society.&nbsp;&nbsp;
Among his many awards are the National Medal of Science, the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, Japan’s Cosmo Prize, a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, and the Lewis Thomas Prize Honoring the Scientist as Poet, presented by Rockefeller University. He has published more than six hundred articles, and his book, Guns, Germs, and Steel, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize.

&nbsp;

Jared

Moses Hadas (June 25, 1900, Atlanta, Georgia – August 17, 1966) was an American teacher, a classical scholar, and a translator of numerous works from Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and German. Raised in Atlanta in a Yiddish-speaking Orthodox Jewish household, his early studies included rabbinical training. He graduated from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (1926) and took his doctorate in classics in 1930. He was fluent in Yiddish, German, ancient Hebrew, ancient Greek, Latin, French, and Italian and well-versed in other languages.
His most productive years were spent at Columbia University, where he was a colleague of Jacques Barzun and Lionel Trilling. There he bucked the prevailing classical methods of the day—textual criticism and grammar—presenting classics, even in translation, as worthy of study as literary works in their own right.
He embraced television as a tool for education, becoming a telelecturer and a pundit on broadcast television. He also recorded classical works on phonograph and tape. His daughter Rachel Hadas is a poet, teacher, essayist, and translator. With his first wife, he had a son David Hadas (1931-2004), a professor of English and Religious Studies at Washington University, and Jane Streusand.

Moses

David Sinclair is a world-renowned scientist and professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School. He is an authority in the field of aging, and his research focuses on understanding why we age and how to slow it down. He is the co-founder and co-chief editor of the journal Aging Cell, as well as a co-founder and co-director of the Sinclair Lab at Harvard Medical School.&nbsp;
Dr. Sinclair has made groundbreaking discoveries in the field of aging and longevity. He discovered a gene that controls the aging process and is currently researching ways to use this gene to extend the life and slow down the effects of aging. He has also identified a compound that could potentially reverse aging in mice and has been researching ways to develop a drug that could do the same for humans. His research has been featured in numerous publications, including the New York Times and The Atlantic.&nbsp;
In addition to his research, Dr. Sinclair is an advocate of healthy aging. He is the author of two books, Lifespan: Why We Age—and Why We Don't Have To and The Genetics of Health: Understand Your DNA to Transform Your Life, which provides insights into the science of aging and how to live a longer, healthier life. He is also the co-founder of the Institute for Aging Research and Education, which is dedicated to advancing the science of aging and promoting healthy aging.
Dr. Sinclair is a highly respected scientist and professor, and his work has been recognized with numerous awards and honors. He was named one of the world’s most influential people by Time Magazine in 2019 and is a recipient of the prestigious Albert Einstein Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Life Sciences. He has also been honored with the Breakthrough Prize in Aging Research and the American Society for Cell Biology’s worldwide recognition award for his research on aging.

David

Sam Harris is an American neuroscientist, philosopher, and author. He is the founder and CEO of Project Reason, a non-profit organization that promotes science and secularism. Harris is known for his critiques of religious faith and his promotion of scientific rationality and secular humanism. He has written several books, including "The End of Faith," "Letter to a Christian Nation," "The Moral Landscape," "Free Will," and "Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion." Harris is also a frequent speaker and commentator on neuroscience, philosophy, and religion issues.
Sam Harris hosts a podcast called "Making Sense," produced by his non-profit organization, Project Reason. The podcast features Harris having in-depth conversations with various guests, including scientists, scholars, authors, and other public figures. Topics of discussion on the podcast include science, philosophy, politics, and current events. The podcast is released weekly, and episodes can be found on various platforms such as iTunes, Spotify, and YouTube. The podcast has been running since 2013 and has been well-received by listeners for its in-depth and thought-provoking conversations.
Harris has written extensively on neuroscience and its implications for understanding the nature of consciousness, free will, and morality. In addition, he is known for his work on the neural basis of belief and emotion and his critiques of traditional religious and spiritual beliefs.
Project Reason is a non-profit organization that promotes scientific understanding and critical thinking on issues related to religion, morality, and politics. It provides a forum for open and rational discussion of these topics and works to combat the influence of dogmatism and superstition in public life. Some of the activities of Project Reason include public lectures, debates, discussions with experts in various fields, and the production of multimedia content such as podcasts, videos, and articles. Harris' organization also provides educational resources and materials for educators and students.

Steven Pinker is an internationally renowned experimental psychologist, cognitive scientist, and popular science writer. He is a professor at Harvard University, where he has taught since 2003. He is the author of several books, including The Language Instinct, How the Mind Works, and The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined.
Pinker's research focuses on language and cognition, and he is the chair of the Usage Panel of the American Heritage Dictionary. He is also a contributing editor for The New Republic, and he is a frequent commentator on popular science topics in newspapers and magazines.
Pinker was born in Montreal, Canada, in 1954. He received his B.A. from McGill University in 1976 and his Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard University in 1979. He has received numerous awards and honors, including the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 2018 for his book, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined.
Pinker's research has been highly influential in the fields of linguistics, cognitive science, and evolutionary psychology. He has written extensively on the evolution of language, the nature of the mind, and the power of reason. He has also written on the topics of human intelligence, morality, beauty, and violence.
Pinker has argued that evolutionary forces largely shape human intelligence and that the human mind is a complex set of mental modules. He has also argued that reason can be used to solve moral dilemmas and that violence has declined over time due to the spread of reason.
Pinker's work has been widely praised by academics and intellectuals, and he has been described as one of the leading public intellectuals of our time. His books have been translated into dozens of languages, and they have sold millions of copies. He has appeared on numerous television shows and has been the subject of multiple documentaries.
In addition to his academic and popular writing, Pinker is also an active public speaker. He frequently lectures on scientific topics and has appeared as a guest on talk shows and news programs. He has been featured in numerous films, including the documentary film The Edge of Reason, which was nominated for an Academy Award in 2016.
Pinker is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is also a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the American Philosophical Society. He has been awarded numerous honorary degrees, including doctorates from the Universities of Toronto, Harvard, and Oxford.

Steven

Carlo

Clocks and Culture is a brief history of the changes wrought by and on Europe over four hundred years due to technological advances in timekeeping, the rise of a time-aware culture, from the fifteenth-century invention of the mechanical clock through the Industrial Revolution.&nbsp;
The book was first published in 1967, with an introduction by Anthony Grafton, Henry Putnam University Professor of History at Princeton University.

Paul Graham is an entrepreneur, programmer, and essayist. He is the co-founder of Y Combinator, a startup accelerator that has funded over 2,000 companies including Dropbox, Airbnb, and Reddit. His career has been focused on technology and startups. He began his career as a programmer and software developer, working on various projects and startups. In 1995, he co-founded Viaweb, one of the first web-based companies that allowed users to create their own online stores. The company was later sold to Yahoo in 1998 for $49 million.
After the sale of Viaweb, Graham turned his attention to startup investing and mentoring. In 2005, he co-founded Y Combinator, a startup accelerator that provides funding, resources, and mentorship to early-stage startups. Y Combinator has since funded over 2,000 companies, many of which have gone on to become successful and valuable companies, such as Dropbox, Airbnb, and Reddit.
Paul Graham has several notable achievements in his career, including:
<ul>
<li>Co-founding Viaweb: Viaweb was one of the first web-based companies that allowed users to create their own online stores. The company was later sold to Yahoo in 1998 for $49 million.</li>
<li>Fellowship at Harvard's Society of Fellows: Graham is a Fellow at Harvard's Society of Fellows, a prestigious group of scholars who receive funding and support to pursue their research.</li>
<li>Helping launch successful startups: Graham has helped launch many successful startups through Y Combinator and has mentored many entrepreneurs. Some of the successful companies that came out of Y Combinator include Dropbox, Airbnb, and Reddit.</li>
</ul>
In addition to his work with Y Combinator, Graham is also known for his essays on technology and startups. He has written extensively on the startup ecosystem, the role of technology in society, and the future of the internet. His essays have been collected in two books, "Hackers &amp; Painters" and "Ansi Common Lisp." He continues to share his thoughts and insights on his website, paulgraham.com.

Paul

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In Clocks and Culture, Carlo M. Cipolla explores how the invention of clocks revolutionized society. He shows how these timekeeping devices transformed everything from business and politics to social interactions and cultural norms. It's a fascinating look into how a simple invention can have such a profound impact.

The Impact of Clocks on Society

Cipolla takes us on a journey through time, tracing the evolution of clocks from their primitive beginnings to the sophisticated devices we use today. He shows how each advancement in timekeeping technology brought about significant changes in society. It's a great read if you're interested in history and technology.

The Evolution of Timekeeping

One of the key points Cipolla makes in Clocks and Culture is the crucial role clocks played in the Industrial Revolution. He argues that without accurate timekeeping, the precision and efficiency required in factories would not have been possible. This book will make you see the Industrial Revolution in a whole new light.

The Role of Clocks in the Industrial Revolution

Cipolla doesn't just focus on the technical aspects of clocks. He also delves into their cultural significance, exploring how they've influenced art, literature, and even our perception of time itself. If you're interested in cultural studies, you'll find plenty to dig into here.

The Cultural Significance of Clocks

Clocks and Culture is not just about clocks. It's also a thought-provoking exploration of the interplay between technology and society. Cipolla shows how technological advancements can shape society, and vice versa. It's a must-read for anyone interested in the relationship between technology and culture.

The Interplay of Technology and Society

Clocks and Culture

Carlo M. Cipolla (August 15, 1922 – September 5, 2000) was an Italian economic historian. He was born in Pavia, where he got his academic degree in 1944. As a young man, Cipolla wanted to teach history and philosophy in an Italian high school and therefore enrolled in the political science faculty at Pavia University.&nbsp;
Whilst a student there, thanks to professor Franco Borlandi, a specialist in Medieval economic history, he discovered his passion for economic history. Subsequently, he studied at the Sorbonne and the London School of Economics. Cipolla obtained his first teaching post in economic history in Catania at the age of 27. This was to be the first stop in a long academic career in Italy (Venice, Turin, Pavia, Scuola Normale SuperioreCarlo M. Cipolla (August 15, 1922 – September 5, 2000) was an Italian economic historian.&nbsp;
He was born in Pavia, where he got his academic degree in 1944. As a young man, Cipolla wanted to teach history and philosophy in an Italian high school and therefore enrolled in the political science faculty at Pavia University. Whilst a student there, thanks to professor Franco Borlandi, a specialist in Medieval economic history, he discovered his passion for economic history. Subsequently, he studied at the Sorbonne and the London School of Economics.&nbsp;
Cipolla obtained his first teaching post in economic history in Catania at the age of 27. This was to be the first stop in a long academic career in Italy (Venice, Turin, Pavia, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, and Fiesole) and abroad. In 1953 Cipolla left for the United States as a Fulbright fellow and in 1957 became a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Two years later he obtained a full professorship.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_M...

A prime example of the genre, this book describes an extraordinary period in world history: the ascendancy of Europe between the middle of the 15th century and the early 17th century. Focusing on three countries--Spain, Britain, and France--Professor Cipolla examines how their relative strengths in gunnery, ocean-going sailing vessels, and finance enabled them to become mighty lords of the sea and skilled political operators.&nbsp;
The period was also one of unprecedented cultural creativity and expansionism. In this classic work of history, Professor Cipolla portrays a world transformed by war. He traces the social and economic upheavals which resulted from changes in agriculture and industry that took place during what is known as 'the first industrial revolution'.&nbsp;
This was preceded by major changes in weapons technology that began with military innovations in firearms and artillery in the later Middle Ages, and continued throughout the 16th century after it became clear that these new weapons could be used for both commercial profit and warfare.

In Guns, Sails, and Empires, Carlo M. Cipolla explores how technological advancements, particularly in weaponry and navigation, played a crucial role in shaping the world's empires. He suggests that these advancements were not just tools of conquest, but also catalysts for cultural and societal changes.

The Impact of Technological Advancements

Cipolla digs into the transformative power of gunpowder. He explains how its invention and subsequent use in weaponry gave certain civilizations a significant advantage over others. This advantage often led to the establishment of powerful empires and the domination of vast territories.

The Power of Gunpowder

The book also highlights the importance of sea power in the establishment of empires. Cipolla shows how advancements in sailing technology allowed nations to explore and conquer new lands, leading to the spread of their influence and culture.

The Influence of Sea Power

Cipolla's research also delves into the complex relationship between technology and society. He argues that technological advancements not only shape societies but are also shaped by them. This interplay is a key theme throughout Guns, Sails, and Empires.

Finally, Cipolla reminds us that the course of technological progress is unpredictable. He points out that while some inventions can lead to the rise of empires, others can lead to their downfall. This unpredictability makes the study of history and technology all the more fascinating.

Discover the Best Books Written by Carlo M. Cipolla

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Clocks and Culture

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Clocks and Culture

Guns, Sails, and Empires

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